基于成本控制的转炉冷却工艺优化

Optimization of Converter Cooling Technology Based on Cost Control

摘要: 以物料平衡和热平衡为基础建立了转炉原料成本计算模型，并考察了冷却剂结构变化对转炉物料平衡和原料成本的影响作用规律。结果表明，降低废钢比、提高矿石比和石灰石比均可有效降低转炉原料成本，且矿石替代废钢的降本效果更为显著。综合考虑转炉冷却效果和吹炼过程的稳定性，确定了“先降低废钢比，依次用矿石和石灰石平衡转炉热量”的冷却工艺优化设计原则，并设定了废钢比下限和矿石比上限。工业试验和原料成本核算表明，冷却工艺优化后，转炉吹炼过程平稳，冶炼终点钢水温度和成分及终渣成分控制准确、稳定，且脱磷效果有所改善，转炉原料成本显著降低。

Abstract: A cost calculation model of converter raw materials was established based on converter material balance and heat balance, and the effect of the cooling agents on the cost of raw materials was in-vestigated. The results showed that it is beneficial to reduce the cost of raw materials through re-ducing scrap ratio, increasing ore ratio and limestone ratio, and the substitution of scrap with ore is more remarkable for cost reducing. Considering the cooling effect and the stability during blowing synthetically, the optimization principle of converter cooling was established, and it is that reducing scrap ratio firstly, then using ore and limestone to balance converter heat in sequence, and the inferior limit of the scrap ratio and the superior limit of the ore ratio were set. The results of industrial experiments and the cost accounting showed that the blowing process was stable, and the steel temperature of the blowing endpoint can be controlled accurately, and the chemical compositions of steel and slag of the blowing endpoint were stable. Furthermore, the dephosphorization effect was improved, and the raw materials cost of converter was reduced sig-nificantly.