春季庭院和大田蜜梨小气候特征及应用分析

Microclimate Characteristics and Its Application Analysis on Courtyard and Field of Planting Honey Pear in Spring

摘要: 基于2016年春季(3~5月)庭院、大田蜜梨种植果园小气候观测资料,分析了庭院、大田小气候变化特征和温、湿度效应。结果表明：庭院、大田温度和湿度有明显的日变化，各月及3~5月各时次的平均温度均为庭院高于大田，湿度均为庭院低于大田。庭院和大田温度、湿度差值均呈现白天先增大后减小的“∧”型分布，夜间基本不变。庭院蜜梨这种增温效应使花期提前，有利提高坐果率，该结果对防御大田蜜梨花期气象灾害影响有较大的指导意义。

Abstract: Based on the observational data of microclimate on courtyard and field of planting honey pear from March to May in 2016, the microclimate characteristics and the effects of temperature and humidity on courtyard and field were analyzed. The results showed that the temperature and humidity had obvious diurnal variation in courtyard and field, and the every hour’s average temperature of March to May and each month in courtyard was higher than field, and the humidity was lower than field. The temperature and humidity difference between the courtyard and field showed “∧” type distribution of firstly increasing and then decreasing in the daytime, but has no significant change in the nighttime. The effect of increasing temperature on courtyard honey pear made flowering ahead of schedule, and improved the fruit setting rate. This result has great guiding significance for preventing the meteorological disaster on field honey pear in flowering stage.