心态的概念辨析及当代大学生心态研究述评

Concept Distinction of Mentality and Research Summary of Contemporary Undergraduates’ Mentality

摘要: 心态不仅是综合反映个体心理过程与个性心理一种暂时的稳定状态，而且是对某个具体情景的反应倾向，这个倾向既可能是认知倾向、情感倾向与行为倾向，也可能是三者的集合。心态具有直接现实性、相对稳定性、动力性与情景性的特点。阳光心态是一种积极、宽容、感恩、乐观和自信的心智模式，是一个人表现出的所有正向、积极的心态及各种心理品质的集合。目前对大学生心态的概念界定模糊，众多研究是把心态作为大学生心理特征及心理品质的代名词，且聚焦于大学生的择业、恋爱、学习等具体领域来研究心态，现状调查性研究偏多。所以未来的研究需要对心态概念的内涵与外延做深入的理论探索，对大学生心态的结构作实证性探究，并探索可行且有成效的阳光心态培育措施是完善大学生人格发展并促进其心理健康的重要举措。

Abstract: Mentality is not only the temporary steady state which reflects psychological process and indivi- dual mind synthetically, but also it is response tendency in some specific situation which may be cognitive disposition, emotional tendency and behavior disposition, or collection of these three tendency. In addition, sunny mentality is a kind of mental model which includes positive, tole- rance, thanksgiving, optimism and self-confidence and also is the collection of various positive psychological quality. As for these researches on undergraduates’ mentality in China at present, there are much more study on qualitative analysis, status survey, and idea construction, but less study on empirical study. So there should be more study on theoretical exploration of intension and extension of mentality concept, and then mentality structure of undergraduates should be investigated empirically, and exploring feasible and effective cultural operation of sunny mentality for undergraduates is one of most important measures to perfect undergraduates’ personality development and improve their mental health definitely.