玉米秸秆生物反应堆对大棚西瓜生长环境、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Straw Biological Reactor with Maize Straw on the Growth Environment, Yield and Quality of Watermelon in Shed Planting

摘要: 随着我国农业的发展，每年会产出大量农作物秸秆。作物秸秆是有用的生物资源，如何利用好这类宝贵的生物资源，而不是简单作为废弃物处理，是我国乃至世界面临的重要课题。秸秆生物反应堆是一种将秸秆有效还田以促进作物生长的新技术。本文以玉米秸秆为材料，研究了内置式秸秆生物反应堆对大棚西瓜生长环境、西瓜产量及品质的影响。结果表明，玉米秸秆生物反应堆使土壤有机质含量提高了3.88%~23.65%，土壤容重和含盐量分别下降了11.07%和17.65%。秸秆反应堆使土壤温度提高了1.4℃~6.0℃，平均提高3.7℃。大棚空气CO₂浓度上升了52.19%~233.96%，平均上升137.30%。西瓜产量提高了61.65%，含糖量提高了25.10%。这些研究结果说明，内置式玉米秸秆生物反应堆可以显著改善西瓜的生长环境，提高西瓜的产量和品质。在西瓜田推广的秸秆反应堆技术中，玉米秸秆是适宜应用的材料。

Abstract: Along with the rapid development in agriculture, huge amount of different kinds of crop straw is produced in China every year. Crop straw is a kind of useful biomaterial. How to use the valuable bio-resource, other than to treat it as a waste is very important for China and the world. Straw biological reactor is a kind of technology to return crop straws into agricultural fields to improve crop production. In this experiment, effects of built-in straw biological reactor (BISBR) with maize straw on the growth environment, yield and quality of watermelon were studied in the sheds covered with plastic film. The results showed that the BISBR with maize straw increased organic matter contents of the soil by 3.88% - 23.65%, and reduced bulk density and salinity of the soil by 11.07% and 17.65% respectively. The BISBR with maize straw elevated the soil temperatures by 1.4˚C - 6.0˚C, with an average of 3.7˚C. It raised CO₂ concentrations of the shed atmosphere by 52.19% - 233.96%, with an average of 137.30%. The yield of the watermelon was raised by 61.65%, and the sugar content of the watermelon was increased by 25.10% by the BISBR with maize straw. The results indicated that the BISBR with maize straw can improve the growth environment of watermelon, and raise the yield and quality of watermelon effectively. Maize straw was the suitable material for the BISBR used in watermelon production.