老年人受教育水平对心理健康和医学应对方式影响作用的相关性分析

Influence of Education Level on Mental Health and Medical Coping Modes: A Correlation Analysis in Elderly People

摘要: 目的：探讨老年人受教育水平不同对心理健康和医学应对方式的影响，为老年人的心理健康管理提供指导。方法：采用简单随机抽样法抽取沈阳某医院2004年1月1日至2006年6月30日门诊就诊老年人160例，依据受高等教育与否分成两组：高等教育组(n = 71)和非高等教育组(n = 89)。采用临床症状自评量表(SCL-90)、医学应对问卷(MCMQ)对门诊就诊的老年人进行心理状况评估。对量表得分进行组间比较，对各组症状与心理应对方式进行相关分析。结果：与非高等教育组相比，高等教育组SCL-90各因子分较低(P < 0.05)，而MCMQ各因子分较高(P < 0.05)。相关性分析发现，“面对”在非高等教育组与“精神病性”呈正相关(P < 0.05)，而在高等教育组与“恐怖”呈负相关(P < 0.05)；“回避”与SCL-90评估各项因子之间无关联(P > 0.05)；“屈服”在非高等教育组与SCL-90各因子均呈正相关(P < 0.05)；而“屈服”在高等教育组与“敌对”、“恐怖”和“精神病性”不相关(P > 0.05)。结论：老年人受教育水平越高，医学应对方式越积极，心理状态越健康。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the influence of education level on mental condition and medical coping modes in elderly people, and to provide guidance for mental health management. Methods: Clini-cal Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) were ap-plied to evaluate psychological condition of 160 elderly outpatients who were randomly chosen in a hospital in Shenyang from January 1st 2004 to June 30th 2006. The patients were divided into 2 groups by education levels, higher education group (n = 71) and non higher education group (n = 89). Scores of the two questionnaires were compared between the 2 groups, and cor-relation analysis was conducted between symptoms and coping modes within either group. Re-sults: Compared with non higher education group, higher education group has lower scores on all factors of SCL-90 and higher scores on all factors of MCMQ (P < 0.05). It was showed by the correlation analysis that “face” was positively related to “psychoticism” in non-highly-educated group (P < 0.05) but negatively related to “fear” in higher education group (P < 0.05), and “avoidance” was related to no factors of SCL-90 (P > 0.05), and “surrender” was positively re-lated to all the 9 factors of SCL-90 (P < 0.05) in non higher education group while positively re-lated to 6 factors of SCL-90 (P < 0.05) except for “hostility” “fear” and “psychoticism” (P > 0.05) in higher education group. Conclusion: Higher education provides elderly people more positive medical coping modes as well as better mental conditions.