声旁一致性对不同结构形声字识别的影响

The Influence of Phonetic Consistency in Different Structures of Phonogram Characters

摘要: 通过眼动技术观察汉语阅读者在读音判断任务中对形声字声符和义符的注意规律，旨在探讨声符注意优势是否会受声符位置和声旁一致性高低的影响。结果发现：1) 一致性和结构的交互作用会导致声符注意优势的差异，在左形右声结构中，高一致字和低一致字的识别模式基本相同，声符注意优势明显；2) 在上形下声结构中，高一致字的声符注意优势会比低一致字更强；在左声右形结构和上声下形结构中，低一致字的声符注意优势会比高一致字更强。3) 推测大家族的抑制作用、义符携音性、汉字结构熟悉度、读音判断任务等可能成为声符注意优势产生差异的原因。

Abstract: Aiming to find the phonetic consistency’s influence on different structures of phonogram characters in normal reading conditions, an Eyelink-1000 eye tracker was used to explore the role of phonetic radicals and semantic radicals in Chinese characters. The results showed that: 1) Phonetic radicals were given more attention than semantic radicals in all structures. Especially, when phonetic radicals were in the right or bottom of the characters, this advantage will be obvious. 2) Phonetic consistency plays a part in different structures of phonogram characters: Under the phonetic radical in right side structure, the consistency doesn’t make a difference in its recognition mode; Under the phonetic radical in left side and top side structures, semantic radical of high consistent word gain more attention; Under the phonetic radical in bottom side structure, phonetic radical of high consistent word gains more attention. 3) The differences of the advantage in phonetic radicals result from inhibitive effect of big size family, phonetic messages of semantic radicals, familiarity of Chinese characters’ structures and sound judgment task.