试从存有三态语言观反省《庄子》工夫的研究方法

Reviewing the Research Methods Applied upon Zhuangzi’s Gongfu via the Conception of Language Derived from the Three Manifestations of Being

摘要: 《庄子》存有三态语言观的语言层次如下，“常名”是无意识之绝对静默，而“可名”则是有言说意识而无言说目的之自然言说，至于“定名”则是有言说意识亦有言说目的之语言论述。当代《庄子》工夫研究大多是以“主客二分式”的“定名”进路来进行，以确保其研究成果的客观有效性，然而《庄子》“体道”工夫研究的主要目的则在于引领求道者实践“体道”工夫以达至“道”之“主客合一性”的理想境界，那么若仅使用“定名”的研究进路将是有所不足的。因此为了更符合于《庄子》工夫研究的主要目的，研究者必须在使用“定名”的研究进路之外，同时结合“主客合一式”的“可名”之研究进路，如此也就开启了一种《庄子》“体道”工夫研究的新向度。

Abstract: The conception of language in Zhuangzi derived from the three manifestations of being contains three different levels, “Chang Ming” is to maintain absolute silence without self-awareness, “Ke Ming” is to speak naturally with awareness but without purposes, and “Ding Ming” is to speak with both awareness and purposes. The contemporary research on Zhuangzi’s Gongfu is mainly conducted through “Ding Ming”, i.e. dichotomy of subject-object, in order to secure the objectivity and validity of the research outcome. However, since probing into Zhuangzi’s embodied Dao is mainly to assist Dao seekers in reaching the ideal destination of subject-object combination, adopting “Ding Ming” solely is without doubt insufficient. In light of that, the Researcher incorporated the subject-object combined “Ke Ming” to introduce into the existing research framework, i.e. “Ding Ming”, a new direction.