政府卫生资源配置公平性评价——基于洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数

Evaluation of Fairness of Government Health Resources Allocation—Based on Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient

摘要: 本文主要运用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数法对全国卫生资源的配置公平性进行研究，对床位数和医疗卫生人员按照人口在31个省的配置进行评价，对2010~2015年卫生资源配置情况的趋势进行分析。床位数历年基尼系数分别为0.205、0.129、0.096、0.087、0.081、0.061，呈现出逐年下降趋势，都小于0.3，表明床位数处于基本合理和相对平均的状态；卫生人员历年基尼系数分别为0.356、0.337、0.323、0.321、0.312、0.593，前几年基本合理，处于逐年下降状态，但是在2015年出现一个大幅度反弹，严重超出“警戒值”。总的来说，医疗机构床位数在全国配置中基本处于公平状态，但是卫生人员的配置却亟待优化，需要进一步调整规模、合理布局、促进配置均衡性，有效提高医疗卫生服务的可及性，促进医疗卫生资源配置的健康发展。

Abstract: In this paper, the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient method are used to study the fairness of the allocation of health resources in the country. The number of beds and medical and health personnel are evaluated according to the population configuration in 31 provinces. For the allocation of health resources in 2010-2015 trend analysis, Gini coefficients of the number of beds were 0.205, 0.129, 0.096, 0.087, 0.081, 0.061, showing a downward trend year by year. They are less than 0.3 which indicating that the number of beds is in the basic reasonable and relatively average state. Gini coefficients of the medical-related personnel over the years were 0.356, 0.337, 0.323, 0.321, 0.312, 0.593. A few years ago, it is basically reasonable which is in decline year by year. But in 2015, a substantial rebound is seriously beyond the “alert value”. In general, the number of beds in medical institutions is basically fair in the national configuration. But the configuration of health personnel is urgent to be optimized. It needs to further adjust the scale and rational layout, promote the balance of allocation, effectively improve the accessibility of medical and health services, and promote the healthy development of medical and health resources allocation.