思维发展历史与科学思维建构

Thinking Development History and Scientific Thinking Construction

摘要: 思维的发展在不同的历史时期具有不同的时代特色。人类在自然界的发展演变中，与动物最本质的区别就是人类具有思维特性。思维方式是人类在不同时期对自身生存模式和发展形态的一种理性化的认知形式。纵观历史，人类思维经历三种思维模式，即，常人思维、科学思维、辩证思维，本文在对三种思维模式的逻辑特性分析中认为，辩证思维是人类思维发展的高级形态，具有重要的科学意义。因此，需要建构科学的辩证思维，即马克思主义辩证思维。

Abstract: The development of thought has different time features in different historical periods. The most essential difference between human beings and animals in the evolution of the natural world is that human beings have thought characteristics. The mode of thinking is a rationally cognitive form of human survival mode and development form in different times. Throughout history, the human mind experiences three kinds of thinking mode: namely ordinary people thinking, scien-tific thinking, dialectical thinking. Based on the logical characteristics of three kinds of thinking mode in the analysis thought, dialectical thinking is the advanced form of human thought devel-opment, and has an important scientific significance. Therefore, it is necessary to construct the dialectical thinking of science, namely Marxist dialectical thinking.