激励理论新进展——自我决定论

New Development of Motivation Theory: Self-Determination Theory

摘要: 美国心理学家Deci和Ryan从积极心理学角度出发，以研究内部动机和外部动机的关系为起点，并基于有机辩证元理论提出了自我决定论。它主要关注个体的内部心理成长趋势和内在心理需要以及促进这些积极心理过程的条件，包括认知评价理论、有机整合理论、因果定向理论和基本心理需求理论四个亚理论。根据自我决定论，对员工进行激励时应以调动员工的内在动机为核心，以满足员工的基本心理需要为基础，以提供信息性的、非控制性的支持性环境为基调，以管理上的自主性支持为基本手段，最终充分实现员工对自我决定的追求。

Abstract: From the perspective of positive psychology, as a starting point to study the relationship between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation and basing on the organismic-dialectical meta-theory, American psychologists Deci and Ryan proposed the self-determination theory. Its arena is the investigation of people’s inherent growth tendencies and innate psychological needs, as well as for the conditions that foster those positive processes. It concludes four sub-theories: they are cognitive evaluation theory, organismic integration theory, causality orientations theory and basic psychological needs theory. According to self-determination theory, in order to motivate staffs, we must follow the principles: to mobilize intrinsic motivation of employees as a core, to provide informational and non-controlled supportive environment, to supply the autonomy support of management as a basic way, thus, the employees can realize pursuing for self-determination.