摘要: 一般认为，新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, NRDS)是由于肺表面活性物质缺乏所致，近年研究认为NRDS的发病与胎龄、出生体重、窒息、剖宫产、感染、产前应用肾上腺皮质激素、糖尿病母亲、宫内慢性缺氧等多种因素有关。为了预防NRDS的发生，产前可给产妇应用糖皮质激素、氨溴索等药物，出生后可尽早给予大剂量氨溴索、肺表面活性物质(Pulmonary surfactant, PS)、持续呼吸道正压通气(Continuous positive air-way pressure, CPAP)、高频震荡通气(High-frequency oscillatory ventilation, HFOV)、吸入一氧化氮、液态通气及体外膜肺治疗以阻止病情的进展。
Abstract:
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is caused by deficiency of pulmonary surfactant (PS) in premature infants generally. But it is associated with gestational age, birthweight, asphyxia, caesarean birth, infection, use dexamethasone to mother before delivery, diabetic mother and fetus intrauterine hypoxia. Treated with ambroxol and dexamethasone to maternity before delivery may prevent the NRDS. High dose ambroxol, PS, continuous positive air-way pressure, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, inhaled NO, liquid ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used earlier to newborns after birth to avoid aggravation of the disease.