长沙市城乡居民能源消费行为影响因素研究

Research on the Influencing Factors of Changsha Urban and Rural Residents’ Energy-Consuming Behaviors

摘要: 能源是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础，能源问题与人类生存和发展密切相关，研究城乡居民能源消费行为对提高能源利用率，节约能源资源有重要意义，对统筹城乡发展，建立城乡均等化区域基本公共服务体系有重要影响。本文对长沙市349份城乡居民进行了问卷调查，运用一般多元线性回归模型和Tobit模型对样本能源消费行为及影响因素相关数据进行模型分析。通过分析得出的结论是：长沙市农村居民能源消费是以传统生物质能源和煤为主，而城市居民对电能和天然气的消费量较大；同时，在影响因素中，家庭特征类、家庭财富类和资源可获性等各类因素对居民能源消费行为的影响大小和影响方向因能源种类不同有差异，同种因素对同种能源消费行为也存在城乡差异；最后，为优化城乡能源消费结构，合理开发利用资源，减少非清洁能源的使用，减少废气物排放，减少浪费等提出了相应的政策建议。

Abstract: Energy is the material foundation for the existence and development of human. Energy problems are closely related to the existence and development of human. The study on energy-consuming behaviors of the rural and urban residents is significant to improve energy efficiency and conserve energy resource, and it is also important to balance urban and rural development and achieve the equalization of basic public service system for urban-rural areas. 349 rural and urban residents in Changsha were investigated with questionnaires. Related data on energy-consuming behaviors and the determine factors were analyzed by using the general multiple linear regression model and Tobit model. The conclusions are: 1) rural residents are primary con-sumers of the biomass energy and coal while urban residents are primary consumers of electrical energy and natural gas in Changsha; 2) Among the influential factors, the effects of family characteristics, family wealth and resource availability on resident energy-consuming behaviors vary according to different types of energy resources; 3) The effects of the same influential factor on the same energy-consuming behavior may be dif-ferent because of the difference between urban and rural areas. Policy suggestions are advanced for optimiz-ing the urban-rural energy consumption structures, rationally developing and utilizing resources, decreasing non-clean energy use, cutting down exhaust emissions and reducing waste.