低成本运载火箭发展与分析

Development and Analysis of Low Cost Launch Vehicles

摘要: 为适应未来军事和商业航天低成本发射需求，世界各航天机构纷纷提出各自的低成本运载火箭设计方案，并采取各种技术措施大幅降低发射成本。对各主要方案和技术进行对比，从美国某型运载火箭各组成部分与其质量和成本估计、猎鹰9R可重复使用运载火箭运载能力损失和总低成本估计两个方面分析了运载火箭成本与性能的关系，并为我国低成本运载火箭研制提出相应发展建议。

Abstract: By the low cost requirement in military and commerce spacecraft launch tasks, many space institutions in the world have proposed multifarious design schemes of low cost launch vehicles, and all kinds of new technologies and measures have been adapted to reduce the total launch cost. The paper researched the major design schemes and key technologies comparatively. Then the relationship between of cost and performance of the launch vehicles are independently analyzed from mass percents and cost percents of the major components for a certain American launch vehicle and carrying capability loss and total low cost for a reusable launch vehicle. At last, several proposals were presented for the development of low cost launch vehicles in China.