“N来了”与“来N了”的对称与不对称

The Symmetry and Asymmetry between “N Lai Le” and “Lai N Le”

摘要: 本文主要考察的是“N来了”与“来N了”这两种句式，前者简称为A式，后者简称为B式。通过大规模语料检索及研究发现：动词“来”论元结构的延展为特殊名词进入这两种句式提供了契机，也能够有效解释两种句式对同一名词选择时呈现出的不对称现象，即同一名词有的能进入A式而不能进入B式，反之亦然。此外，同一名词对称使用于两种句式表层语义信息虽然相同，但附加的语用信息不同，这决定了不同说话人会相应采用不同句式，也能解读某些名词的不对称选择。

Abstract: This thesis makes a main research on two different Chinese sentence patterns that are “N lai le” and “lai N le”, and we call the former one Sentence A, the latter one Sentence B. Through searching corpus on large scale, we have found the following rules: Firstly, the extension of argument structure of the verb “lai” not only provides a chance for the unusual noun to enter the two sentence patterns, but also effectively explains the asymmetry of the choice of the same noun in the two kinds of sentence patterns which means part of the same noun enter the Sentence A but cannot choose Sentence B, vice versa. Secondly, although the same noun used in two symmetric constructions has the same semantic information, the additional pragmatic information is different, which determines the different speakers will adopt different patterns and the asymmetric selection of some nouns can be readable.