大连市售经济鱼类体内汞、砷含量特征及其暴露风险分析

Concentration Characteristics and Exposure Risk Analysis of Mercury and Arsenic in Consumed Fishes from Dalian Markets

摘要:

为了了解大连市场上居民日常消费的经济鱼类受重金属汞、砷的污染水平并初步评估其暴露风险，采用原子荧光光谱法和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法对大连市售的11种经济鱼类体内的汞、砷含量进行了调查。结果显示，11种鱼类汞、砷的平均含量分别为0.23和0.30 mg/kg，低于每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)限量标准，但其中孔瑶受污染程度较其他鱼类明显偏高，汞、砷含量高达0.68和2.16 mg/kg，占PTWI比分别为107.94%和4.9%，汞摄入过量的风险性较高。鱼体内汞、砷的含量与其食性、来源及生态分布方式有关。肉食性鱼类高于杂食和草食性鱼类；海水鱼普遍高于淡水鱼，尤其是近海捕捞鱼类污染程度最高；底栖鱼类污染水平高于中、上层鱼类。因此，大连市售鱼类食用安全性较好，但近海捕捞的底栖肉食性鱼类孔瑶应减少食用量，需引起重视加强安全监管。

Abstract: To understand the contamination level and the exposure risk of heavy metals Hg and As in consumed fishes in Dalian, the atomic fluorescence spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry were applied to determine the concentrations of Hg and As in eleven species of fishes from the different supermarkets inDalian. The results indicated that the average concentrations of Hg and As were 0.23 and 0.30 mg/kg respectively, which were under the level of provisional tolerated weekly intake (PTWI). However, the pollutant levels in Raja porosa were apparently higher than that in other fishes. Its concentrations of Hg and As were 0.68 and 2.16 mg/kg, which accounted for 107.94% and 4.9% of PTWI respectively. The contents of Hg and As in fishes were associated with their feeding habits, sources and ecological distributions. The Hg and As concentrations in fishes of different feeding habits decreased as carnivorous > omnivorous > herbivorous. The Hg and As concentration in marine fishes was higher than that in fresh- water fishes, especially fish of inshore fishing. Besides, the fishes living at the bottom of the water body were with higher Hg and As levels than those living at the middle and the top of the water body. Thus, it might be concluded that fishes fromDalianmarkets were safely edible, but necessary to reduce the intake of benthic carnivorous fish species of inshore fishing and enhanced the safety supervision.