丹江口水库调水对汉江中下游四大家鱼繁育的影响研究
Influence of Reservoir Water Diversion on Four Major Chinese Carps in Middle and Lower Hanjiang River
DOI: 10.12677/JWRR.2016.56064, PDF, HTML, XML,  被引量 下载: 1,744  浏览: 3,303  国家自然科学基金支持
作者: 王 冬, 尹正杰, 周研来：长江科学院水资源综合利用研究所，湖北 武汉；长江科学院水利部江湖治理与水资源重点实验室，湖北 武汉；长江科学院流域水资源与生态环境科学湖北省重点实验室，湖北 武汉；方娟娟：长江科学院水资源综合利用研究所，湖北 武汉
关键词: 水库调度；四大家鱼；水文情势；涨水条件；Reservoir Operation； Four Major Chinese Carps； Hydrological Regime； Flow Condition
摘要: 丹江口水库加坝扩容和调水工程的实施引起下游水文条件变化，影响汉江中下游四大家鱼繁育生境。本文总结已有研究，结合实测资料分析，提出影响汉江四大家鱼产卵的主要水文要素，依据丹江口水库加高调水的运行规则，模拟分析了丹江口水库加高后两种调水规模下，汉江中下游主要水文站点的水文情势变化，并结合水文情势的变化特征，分析了调水后可能对汉江中下游产漂流性卵鱼类的影响，研究表明丹江口加高调水后，汉江中下游7~8月涨水过程的涨水次数和总涨水天数有所增加，但日平均涨水幅度显著下降；而涨水幅度的降低是导致坝下游产漂流性卵鱼类产卵规模减少的诱因，故调水工程实施后，汉江中下游产漂流性卵鱼的种群及产卵量可能进一步减少。
Abstract: Water diversion project of Danjiangkou reservoir would change the hydrological condition and influence the habitat of four major Chinese carps in middle and lower Hanjiang River. This paper summarizes the existing research and analyzes the measured data, and then discusses the main hydrological elements that affect the four major Chinese carps laying eggs in downstream river. Based on the different operation rules of the reservoir, the hydrological regime changes in middle and lower Hangjiang River reach are simulated and the influence of water diversion on four major Chinese carps in downstream is analyzed. The research shows that times and days of flow rising process would increase from July to August in middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River, but daily average of flow rising would decline significantly which is the primary cause of number of eggs-laying decrease of fish with pelagic eggs at downstream of reservoir. The number of eggs-laying and population of fish with pelagic eggs would further reduce in middle and lower Hanjiang River.
文章引用：王冬, 尹正杰, 方娟娟, 周研来. 丹江口水库调水对汉江中下游四大家鱼繁育的影响研究[J]. 水资源研究, 2016, 5(6): 553-563. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/JWRR.2016.56064

参考文献

[1] 高永年, 高俊峰. 南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游流域生态环境影响的综合评价[J]. 地理科学进展, 2010, 29(1): 59-64. GAO Yongnian, GAO Junfeng. Comprehensive assessment of eco-environment impact of the South-to-North Water Transfer Middle Route Project on the middle-lower Hanjiang River Basin. Progress in Geography, 2010, 29(1): 59-64. (in Chinese)
[2] 谢平, 窦明, 夏军, 等. 南水北调中线工程不同调水方案下的汉江水华发生概率计算模型[J]. 水利学报, 2005, 36(6): 727-732. XIE Ping, DOU Ming, XIA Jun, et al. Water bloom occurrence probability calculation model in Hanjiang River under different water transfer schemes of the middle route of South to North Water Transfer Project. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2005, 36(6):727-732. (in Chinese)
[3] 徐新伟, 吴中华, 于丹, 等. 汉江中下游水生植物多样性及南水北调工程对其影响[J]. 生态学报, 2002, 22(11): 1933- 1938. XU Xinwei, WU Zhonghua, YU Dan, et al. Diversity of aquatic plants in Hanjiang River Basin and possible effects of the en-gineering of transfering water from south China to north China on it. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2002, 22(11): 1933-1938. (in Chi-nese)
[4] 方芳, 陈国湖. 调水对汉江中下游水质和水环境容量影响研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2003, 26(1): 10-11. FANG Fang, CHEN Guohu. Environmental impact of South-to-North Water Transfer on the mid-lower reach of Han River: Modelling prediction of water quality and aquatic environmental capacity. Environmental Science & Technology, 2003, 26(1): 10-11. (in Chinese)
[5] 余志堂. 大型水利枢纽对长江鱼类资源影响的初步评价(一) [J]. 水生态学杂志, 1988, (2): 38-41. YU Zhitang. Analyzing on effect of water control project on stock of fish in Yangtze River (1). Journal of Hydroecology, 1988, (2): 38-41. (in Chinese)
[6] 余志堂. 大型水利枢纽对长江鱼类资源影响的初步评价(二) [J]. 水生态学杂志, 1988, (3): 24-27. YU Zhitang. Analyzing on effect of water control project on stock of fish in Yangtze River (2). Journal of Hydroecology, 1988, (3): 24-27. (in Chinese)
[7] 易伯鲁, 余志堂, 梁秩燊. 葛洲坝水利枢纽与长江四大家鱼[J]. 鱼类学, 1988. YI Bolu, YU Zhitang and LIANG Yisheng. Gezhou Dam and four major Chinese carps in Yangtze River. Ichthyology, 1988. (in Chinese)
[8] 周春生, 梁秩燊, 黄鹤年. 兴修水利枢纽后汉江产漂流性卵鱼类的繁殖生态[J]. 水生生物学报, 1980, (2): 175-188. ZHOU Chunsheng, LIANG Yisheng and HUANG Henian. Fish with pelagic eggs propagating after building of water control project in Hanjiang River. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1980, (2): 175-188. (in Chinese)
[9] 曾祥琮, 等. 长江水系渔业资源: 全国渔业资源调查和区划专集[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1990. ZENG Xiangzong, et al. Fishery resources in Changjiang River system: Investigation and divisions of fishery resources in China. Beijing: Ocean Publishing Company, 1990. (in Chinese)
[10] 陈永柏, 廖文根, 彭期冬, 等. 四大家鱼产卵水文水动力特性研究综述[J]. 水生态学杂志, 2009, 2(2): 130-133. CHEN Yongbai, LIAO Wengen, PENG Qidong, et al. A summary of hydrology and hydrodynamics conditions of four major Chinese carps. Acta Hydrobiologca Sinica, 2009, 2(2): 130-133. (in Chinese)
[11] 邱顺林, 刘绍平, 黄木桂, 等. 长江中游江段四大家鱼资源调查[J]. 水生生物学报, 2002, 26(6): 716-718. QIU Shunlin, LIU Shaoping, HUANG Mugui, et al. Monitoring of spawning sites of four major Chinese carps in the middle section of Yangtze River. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2002, 26(6): 716-718. (in Chinese)
[12] 张晓敏, 黄道明, 谢文星, 等.汉江中下游“四大家鱼”自然繁殖的生态水文特征[J]. 水生态学杂志, 2009, 2(2): 126-129. ZHANG Xiaomin, HUANG Daoming, XIE Wenxing, et al. Eco-hydrological characteristics of four major Chinese carps on nature spawning conditions in the mid-lower Hanjiang River. Journal of Hydroecology, 2009, 2(2): 126-129. (in Chinese)