我国严寒地区典型城市室内外颗粒物相关性研究

Study on the Correlation between Indoor and Outdoor Particulate Matter of Typical Cities in Severe Cold Regions of China

摘要: 目前，室内颗粒物污染越来越受到社会的重视，而室外雾霾天气则会严重影响室内的空气质量。本文为研究严寒地区夏季室内外颗粒物浓度的相关性和影响因素，利用颗粒物在线监测仪在夏季对大庆地区四类建筑类型(办公室、教室、农村住宅和城市住宅)共110户进行了实测与分析。结果发现，夏季大庆地区整体空气质量较好。室内外颗粒物之间存在着明显的线性关系，渗透系数可用来表示它们相关性的大小。对于办公室和城市住宅，渗透系数为0.7214和0.7499。而对于教室和农村住宅，通风换气次数较高，渗透系数略高一些，0.9217和0.9019。因此，夏季以自然通风为主的建筑，大约有70%以上的室内颗粒物是来自于室外。而且室内颗粒物浓度还与室内外温湿度之间存在着显著的正相关性(p < 0.05)，但不同类型建筑之间存在着明显的差别。对于O1类办公建筑建筑以及教室，外墙以玻璃为主，室内外温度的影响更大一些。对于其余建筑，以混凝土墙体结构为主，受相对湿度的影响较大。按照时间-活动模式分别求得每天的暴露水平，结果发现：对于城市人群，平均暴露量21.63 μg/m³。对于农村人群，平均暴露量为25.64 μg/m³。不同性别之间暴露潜在剂量由于呼吸强度的不同也存在差异，男性暴露的潜在剂量比女性高1.2倍。

Abstract: At present, more and more attention has been paid to indoor particulate matter pollution, while outdoor fog and haze will seriously affect indoor air quality. In order to study the correlation and influencing factors of indoor and outdoor particulate matter concentration of severe cold areas in summer, a total of 110 households in four types of buildings (Offices, Classrooms, Rural houses and Urban houses) in Daqing area were measured and analysed with online monitors. The results show that the overall air quality of Daqing area in summer is good. There is a clear linear relationship between indoor and outdoor particles. The infiltration coefficient can be used to represent the degree of their correlation. For offices and urban dwellings, the infiltration coefficients are 0.7214 and 0.7499. Due to the air exchange rate higher, the classroom and rural housing show a slightly higher infiltration coefficient, 0.9217 and 0.9019. Therefore, about 70% of the indoor particulate matter is from the outside for natural ventilation-based buildings in summer. There is a significant positive correlation between indoor particulate matter concentration and indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity (p < 0.05); however, it is still various in different types of buildings. For O1 office buildings and classrooms, the external walls are glasses, hence indoor and outdoor temperature has greater impact on the indoor particulate matter concentration. While the rest of the building with concrete wall structure is mainly affected by the relative humidity. According to the time-activity model, the daily exposure level can be obtained. The results showed that the average exposure was 21.63 μg/m³ for the urban population. For rural people, the average exposure was 25.64 μg/m³. The potential dose of exposure between different sexes varies according to respiratory intensity, and the potential dose of male exposure is 1.2 times higher than that of female.