气候变化损失和损害问题研究

Research on the Loss and Damage of Climate Change

摘要: 气候变化损失和损害问题自1991年由小岛屿国家联盟提出以来，一直是国际气候谈判中极具争议性的话题，尤其受到大多数发展中国家的关注。历经三十余年的谈判，国际社会在这一问题上取得了阶段性进展，但也存在着许多难点问题亟待解决。2022年11月举行的第27届联合国气候变化大会首次通过了设立气候“损失和损害”基金的历史性决议，向实现“气候正义”迈出关键一步。但是，气候变化损失和损害问题的解决仍然面临诸多挑战。各方在利益诉求上有诸多分歧，现有规则和机制效力不足，基金的持续推进存在极大不确定性，发达国家履约难题，都将成为推动全球气候变化减少损失和损害进程的巨大阻碍。本文旨在厘清损失和损害的基本概念，梳理损失和损害问题的提出及其在国际谈判中的历史进程，分析损失和损害的焦点问题并提出可能的解决方法，最后合理预测未来的发展情况，希望能为推动全球治理发展提供新思路。

Abstract: Since the issue of loss and damage caused by climate change was put forward by the Alliance of Small Island States in 1991, it has been a highly controversial topic in international climate negotiations, especially by most developing countries. After more than thirty years of negotiations, the international community has made phased progress on this issue, but there are also many difficult issues that need to be solved urgently. The 27th United Nations Climate Change conference held in November 2022 adopted for the first time the historic resolution to establish a climate “loss and damage” fund, which is a key step towards achieving “climate justice”. However, the resolution of climate change losses and damages still faces many challenges. There are many differences in the interests and demands of all parties, the effectiveness of existing rules and mechanisms is insufficient, there is great uncertainty in the continuous promotion of the fund, and the difficulty of developed countries in fulfilling the contract will become a huge obstacle to promoting the process of reducing losses and damages caused by global climate change. This article aims to clarify the basic concepts of loss and damage, sort out the proposal of loss and damage issues and their historical process in international negotiations, analyze the focus issues of loss and damage, propose possible solutions, and finally reasonably predict future development, hoping to provide new ideas for promoting global governance development.