乌江干流梯级水库运行对径流的影响

The Influence of Cascade Reservoirs Operation to Stream Flow Variation in the Wujiang River

摘要: 本文建立了乌江降雨径流–河网汇流–水库调度模型，该模型主要由新安江三水源模型、河网汇流模型和水库调度模型组成，并利用所收集的流域内控制水文站历史流量数据，对各河段的模型参数分别进行率定。通过该模型对乌江不同水库组合条件下的调度运行进行模拟。模拟结果显示，梯级水库对径流具有一定的影响，其大小不但取决于水库的调节库容和防洪库容的大小，而且还和水库的调度规则、库容曲线等息息相关。但从总体上来看，日调节水库对径流的影响幅度不大，年调节、不完全年调节水库能够在一定程度上内改变径流的年内分配过程，其改变幅度与水库自身的特征参数有关。一般来说，调节库容越大的水库对径流的改变越明显。除多年调节水库外，基本不会改变径流的年际变化特征。

Abstract: The sub-basin Xinanjiang model, Muskingum method and successive routing model and reservoir operation model were established and the parameters were calibrated respectively for each sub-basin (or river reach) on the basis of recorded rainfall and runoff data. The joint operation of reservoirs model was built according to reservoir operating rule. Then we test the model to certify whether the characteristic in the model can be well kept as the one in real data. The simulation results showed that cascade reservoirs brought a certain impact on runoff characteristics, which depended on the size of regulating storage, the flood control capacity, reservoir operating rule, and stage-storage curve. From a general point of view, compared with daily regulating storage reservoirs, incomplete annual regulating reservoirs and complete annual regulating reservoirs brought more impact on runoff. The size of regulating storage of cascade reservoirs directly concerned with the downstream runoff variation. The bigger the size was, the more significantly the change took place.