标题:
D-丝氨酸与丝氨酸消旋酶D-Serine and Serine Racemase
作者:
冯延琼, 肖虹, 石亚伟
关键字:
丝氨酸消旋酶, D-丝氨酸, 结构, 机理, 功能, 调控Serine Racemase; D-Serine; Structure; Function; Mechanism; Regulation
期刊名称:
《Hans Journal of Biomedicine》, Vol.3 No.2, 2013-04-30
摘要:
D-丝氨酸主要存在于哺乳动物的前脑，海马区和纹状体，作为胶质细胞释放的神经递质，作用于NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor)受体，引起中枢神经系统中信号的传导。在突触可塑性，学习和记忆等方面起重要作用。丝氨酸消旋酶是一种磷酸吡多醛依赖酶，在ATP和Mg2+的辅助下，通过消旋作用将L型丝氨酸转变为D型丝氨酸。对于神经及精神性疾病，丝氨酸消旋酶可能是一个新的治疗靶点。本文从D-丝氨酸和丝氨酸消旋酶的结构性质，作用机理，功能，调控等方面进行了阐述。D-serine mainly distributed in the mammalian forebrain, hippocampus and striatum, which as neurotransmit-ters from glial cells, target at NMDA receptors, and cause central nervous system signal transduction. A new neuro-transmitter of D-serine is found playing an important role in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Serine racemase (SR) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of L- and D-serine. Serine racemase may be a new target for the neurological and psychiatric diseases. In this review, the recent advances in D-serine and serine racemase with the aspects of structure, function, mechanism and regulation will be discussed.