洱海生态环境研究现状及存在问题

The Research Status and Problems on Ecology and Environment of Lake Erhai

摘要: 近年来，随着洱海生态环境的日益恶化和流域大面积快速开发，洱海的生态环境问题引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文对上世纪50年代以来在洱海所做的研究工作进行分析、总结，对洱海环境(包括洱海富营养化、重金属污染、流域开发和植被状况)、生态(包括生物多样性、食物链变化、生态系统特征变化)方面的研究现状进行了分析，结合所得数据进一步分析了气象因素(气温、降水与风速)与水质变化的关系，指出洱海及流域研究中还存在许多问题与不足(如蓝藻爆发历史、对浮游动物和食物链的详细研究、区分多重压力对洱海富营养化的驱动强度)。以期对洱海生态、环境的情况有一个综合了解，为以后在洱海继续开展相关科研工作提供一定的认知基础，更好地为洱海的生态修复工作提供建设性意见。

Abstract: There are wide concerns from scholars at domestic and overseas on the ecological environment of Lake Erhai recently as a consequence of worsening status, massive and rapid development on the catchment of Lake Erhai. This paper summarizes the research status of Lake Erhai which has been collected since 1950s, analyzes the current situation of the environment (including eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, and catchment development and vegetation status) and ecology (including biological diversity, food web change, and characteristics changes of ecological system), and makes a further analysis on the meteorological factors (including temperature, precipitation and wind speed). Through those data we point out that there are some problems still exist in the research of Lake Erhai, for instance, the Cyano- phyta explosion history, the detailed research on zoo-plankton and food chain, the distinction of drive strength of multi- ple pressure on the process of eutrophication of Lake Erhai for the purpose that we can have a comprehensive under- standing of the situation on ecology and environment of Lake Erhai. In this way we can have cognitive bases for the further relative work carried out in Lake Erhai and support some constructive opinions for ecological restoration work of Lake Erhai preferably.