浅析味精过量对男性不育的影响

Analysis of the Possible Relationship between Excessive Monosodium Glutamate and Male Infertility

摘要: 背景：味精在食品工业及餐饮烹调中被广泛使用，一直被认为是安全的食品添加剂，2017年，欧盟食品安全局最新评估报告规定成年人每日味精摄入量不应超过1.8 g，在我国，味精的使用量一直没有明确的限制。自味精问世以来，虽然其安全性屡受质疑，但从未受到实质性挑战。近年来不孕不育率逐年上升，男性生殖系统非常容易受到许多因素的影响，饮食因素就是一个不可忽视的方面。目的：对味精的食用安全性及危害性展开讨论，并对过量味精可能导致生殖毒性的机制进行归纳总结，以期引起人们对于饮食健康因素造成疾病的重视。方法：通过检索近几年PubMed数据库、中国知网等中英文期刊全文数据库相关内容文章，并系统整理相关重要文献进行综述。结论：过量的味精摄入可导致神经毒性，并可能通过下丘脑–垂体–性腺轴来影响睾丸的质量及生精功能，以及可能通过氧化应激途径和谷氨酸受体途径导致生殖细胞的凋亡。虽然味精的使用对正常成年人群不会造成危害，但是可能会对高龄、婴幼儿以及某些致血脑屏障功能不全的疾病人群产生一定的负面影响。

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is widely used in food industry and catering cooking, and has always been regarded as a safe food additive. In 2017, the latest assessment report of the EU Food Safety Agency stipulates that adults’ daily intake of MSG should not exceed 1.8 g. In China, there has been no clear limit on the use of MSG. Since the advent of monosodium glutamate, although its safety has been repeatedly questioned, it has never been substantially challenged. In recent years, the rate of infertility has increased year by year, the male reproductive system is very easy to be affected by many factors, diet is an aspect that can not be ignored. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the edible safety and harmfulness of monosodium glutamate, and summarize the mechanism of reproductive toxicity caused by excessive monosodium glutamate, in order to make people pay more attention to the diseases caused by dietary health factors. METHODS: The relevant articles in PubMed database, China knowledge Network and other Chinese and English periodical full-text databases in recent years were searched, and the relevant important literatures were systematically reviewed. CONCLUSION: Excessive intake of monosodium glutamate can lead to neurotoxicity, and may affect testicular quality and spermatogenic function through hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, and may lead to germ cell apoptosis through oxidative stress pathway and glutamate receptor pathway. Although the use of monosodium glutamate will not cause harm to normal adults, it may have a negative impact on the elderly, infants and some diseases that cause blood-brain barrier dysfunction.