橄榄石的研究现状及其地质学意义

Research Status of Olivine and Its Geological Significance

摘要: 橄榄石是一种镁铁硅酸盐矿物，是基性、超基性岩的主要造岩矿物。本文对前人研究成果进行了一系列的归纳总结，阐述橄榄石的发现及命名、结构与性质、分类、共生组合及应用等研究现状。对橄榄石的晶体结构特征如粒状结构、反应边结构等的研究，可以获取关于地幔部分熔融、岩浆早期结晶过程及地幔交代作用等的有效信息；对橄榄石的相变过程的研究对于认识地幔不连续面的成因，整个地幔的物质组成和演化、地幔对流、俯冲板片深源地震等地球深部动力学问题具有重要意义。

Abstract: Olivine is a kind of magnesium iron silicate mineral, which is the main rock-building mineral of basic and ultrabasic rocks. In this paper, a series of previous research results were summarized, and the research status of the discovery and naming, structure and properties, classification, symbiotic combination and application of peridot were expounded. The crystal structure characteristics of olivine, such as granular structure and reactive edge structure, can obtain effective information about partial melting of mantle, early crystallization process of magma and metasomatism of mantle. The study of the phase transition process of peridotite is of great significance for understanding the causes of mantle discontinuity, material composition and evolution of the whole mantle, mantle convection, subduction plate deep-source earthquakes and other deep earth dynamics problems.