阿加曲班与纤溶酶治疗进展性穿支动脉病变型脑梗死的安全性及疗效评价
Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Argatroban and Fibrinolytic Enzyme in the Treatment of Progressive Perforator Artery Lesion Type Cerebral Infarction
DOI: 10.12677/ACM.2022.124396, PDF, HTML, XML, 下载: 261  浏览: 393  科研立项经费支持
作者: 胡素娟, 孙 慧, 李灵玲, 周 搏, 郭晓玲*:中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八一医院神经内科,河北 承德;徐丽芳:承德医学院,河北 承德
关键词: 脑梗死穿支动脉病变阿加曲班抗血小板出血事件Cerebral Infarction Perforating Artery Lesion Argatroban Antiplatelet Bleeding Events
摘要: 目的:观察阿加曲班治疗进展性穿支动脉病变型脑梗死的临床疗效及安全性。方法:将发病48 h内的95例急性穿支动脉病变型脑梗死患者随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组在常规抗血小板治疗基础上,予以阿加曲班注射液(初始48小时,60 mg/日,24小时持续泵入,后5日,2次/日,每次10 mg,3 h静脉滴注);后者在常规抗血小板治疗基础上,给予纤溶酶静脉滴注共10日。评价患者治疗前及治疗后1周、2周时美国国立卫生院脑卒中(NHISS)量表评分及3个月随访时改良Rankin (mRS)评分,了解神经功能改变情况及预后。同时行治疗前后的颅脑CT/MRI及血生化、凝血等检查排除不良事件发生(包括症状性颅内出血及其他脏器出血)。结果:阿加曲班组AIS患者治疗1周前后NHISS评分差值明显高于对照组治疗前后NHISS差值;随访3个月后mRS均显著降低(P< 0.05)。阿加曲班组治疗3个月后临床基本痊愈率显著高于对照组。两组治疗1周后复查颅脑CT及凝血等相关化验指标提示均未出现不良事件(P > 0.05)。结论:AIS患者早期应用阿加曲班与纤溶酶均可改善神经系统功能缺损,且两组均不增加不良事件的发生,阿加曲班临床疗效更好。
Abstract: Purpose: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of argatroban in the treatment of progressive perforator artery lesion type cerebral infarction. Methods: Ninety-five patients with acute perforator artery lesion cerebral infarction within 48 h of onset were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. In addition to conventional antiplatelet therapy, the experimental group was given argatroban injection (60 mg/day for the first 48 hours, pumped continuously for 24 hours, twice a day for the last 5 days, 10 mg for each 3 h intravenously); the latter was given intravenous plasminase for 10 days in addition to conventional antiplatelet therapy. The national Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NHISS) scores at 1 and 2 weeks before and after treatment and modified Rankin (mRS) scores at 3 months follow-up were evaluated to understand the changes in neurological function and prognosis. At the same time, brain CT/MRI, blood biochemistry and coagulation tests before and after treatment were performed to exclude adverse events (including symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and other organ bleeding). Results: The NHISS score difference of AIS patients in argatroban group and conventional treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group before and after treatment for 1 week. mRS was significantly decreased after 3 months of follow-up (P < 0.05). After 3 months treatment, the clinical basic recovery rate of argatroban group was significantly higher than that of conventional treatment group. After 1 week of treatment, brain CT and biochemical tests showed no adverse events in both groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The early application of argatroban and fibrinolytic enzyme in AIS patients can improve the neurological deficit, and the occurrence of adverse events is not increased in both groups, and the clinical efficacy of argatroban is better.
文章引用:胡素娟, 孙慧, 徐丽芳, 李灵玲, 周搏, 郭晓玲. 阿加曲班与纤溶酶治疗进展性穿支动脉病变型脑梗死的安全性及疗效评价[J]. 临床医学进展, 2022, 12(4): 2764-2768. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2022.124396

1. 前言

穿支动脉供血区域发生的梗死称为穿支动脉梗死,发病机制为穿支动脉被载体动脉斑块堵塞或穿支动脉本身发生病变。穿支动脉梗死最常见类型是腔隙性脑梗死。早期神经功能恶化(early neurological deterioration, END)在穿支动脉梗死病例中发生的比率高达17%~75% [1] [2],导致患者神经功能预后差。穿支动脉梗死发病机制不同,对静脉溶栓治疗反应的异质性大。另外此种类型梗死患者中相当一部分对单纯溶栓治疗无明显效果,或静脉溶栓后易发生再闭塞 [3] [4] [5],还有一部分患者得到治疗时已超出静脉溶栓时间窗,因此针对穿支动脉梗死患者怎样安全地实施有效治疗引起临床关注。研究报道阿加曲班可明显改善穿支动脉型脑梗死的早期神经功能恶化,并改善远期预后,且不增加出血风险 [6]。本研究观察进展性穿支动脉病变型脑梗死在常规抗血小板的基础上联用阿加曲班抗凝治疗的安全性及临床疗效,以改善患者临床预后。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 研究对象

收集2018-10~2020-10中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八一医院神经内科收治进展性穿支动脉病变型脑梗死患者95例,男60例,女35例。随机分为对照组48例,试验组47例。2组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性(见表1)。

Table 1. Baseline data of two groups

表1. 2组基线资料

注:a为t检验;b为秩和检验;c为卡方检验,计量资料,正态分布用均数 ± 标准差表示,非正态用中位数(四分位距);计数资料用率表示。

2.2. 治疗方案

2.2.1. 阿加曲班组治疗方案

在常规抗血小板治疗基础上,予以阿加曲班注射液(初始48小时,60 mg/日,24小时持续泵入,后5日,2次/日,每次10 mg,3 h静脉滴注)。

2.2.2. 纤溶酶组治疗方案

在常规抗血小板治疗基础上,纤溶酶组给予纤溶酶100 U,静脉滴注10日。

2.3. 观察指标

治疗前采用NHISS评分评估AIS患者神经功能缺损情况,分别于治疗1周、2周时复查NHISS评分评估短期内神经功能改善状况;3个月随访进行改良Rankin (mRS)评分评估3个月的治疗效果,mRS 0~1分表示基本治愈,mRS 2~3分表示进步,mRS 4~5分表示无效。记录出血发生事件。

2.4. 统计学方法

收集数据均运用SPSS26.0统计学软件进行统计分析,若计量资料为正态分布则以均数±标准差(X ± S)表示,采用独立样本t检验比较;若为非正态分布以中位数(四分位数间距)表示,采用秩和检验比较;计数资料采用卡方检验比较。两组治疗前后比较采用两配对样本非参数检验法;两组组间评分、疗效比较均采用两独立样本秩和检验法Mann-Whitney U或者Kruskal-Wallis检验;两组间预后比较采用卡方检验。以P < 0.05为有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. 2组治疗前及治疗后1周、2周时NIHSS评分和mRS评分比较

2组治疗前NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);研究组治疗1周时NIHSS评分3 (2~5.5),较治疗前明显降低,跟对照组比较虽然P > 0.05,但明显低于对照组NIHSS评分3.5 (2.5~5.7),说明治疗7天时效果优于对照组;治疗2周时虽然P = 0.05,但治疗2周时试验组NIHSS评分2 (1~3.5),明显低于对照组NIHSS评分3 (2~4),说明治疗2周时疗效优于观察组(见表2)。

Table 2. Comparison of NIHSS scores and mRS scores between the two groups before treatment and at 1 and 2 weeks after treatment

表2. 2组治疗前及治疗后1周、2周NIHSS评分和mRS评分比较

注:a为t检验;b为秩和检验;c为卡方检验,计量资料,正态分布用均数 ± 标准差表示,非正态用中位数(四分位距);计数资料用率表示。

2组治疗3个月后疗效比较,研究组基本痊愈34 (34/47)人,研究组治愈率72%,对照组基本治愈22 (22/48)人,对照组治愈率46%,研究组治愈率高于对照组(见表3)。

Table 3. Comparison of clinical efficacy between the two groups

表3. 2组临床疗效比较

3.2. 不良事件

两组均不增加不良事件的发生。

4. 讨论

穿支动脉梗死通常由穿支血管本身病变或载体动脉斑块阻塞穿支口引起。穿支动脉梗死急性期易发生神经功能恶化,研究发现早期神经功能恶化的机制可能与血流动力学因素、血栓扩展、兴奋毒性和炎症等因素有关 [6]。在最近的一项研究中,穿支动脉梗死患者中早期神经功能恶化的发生率更高 [7]。微血栓的形成有助于早期缺血性病变的进展。血栓性血管闭塞后产生的凝血酶可能通过促进微血栓的形成而促进缺血性病变的进展。阿加曲班可早期减少微血栓和缺血性病变的形成。以往动物模型研究中,在给药后,通过颅窗照射绿光在大脑中动脉的y形分叉处产生血栓。通过腹腔内植入渗透压泵给予阿加曲班,结果证实阿加曲班在第1天减少微血栓的产生,并在第1天提高局部脑血流量。在第3天减少梗死面积和神经功能缺陷,阿加曲班的作用主要是通过抑制微血栓形成来挽救缺血半暗区的神经元细胞,并通过保持血管的正常来抑制梗死向半暗区的延伸 [8]。

本研究分析发现,在穿支动脉梗死患者急性期,常规抗血小板治疗联合阿加曲班治疗1周、2周时患者NIHSS评分较治疗前明显降低,且明显低于纤溶酶组NIHSS评分,说明阿加曲班组治疗1周、2周时效果均优于纤溶酶组;治疗3个月后阿加曲班组mRS 0~1所占比例明显高于纤溶酶组,基本痊愈率优于纤溶酶组。且两组均不增加不良事件的发生。但由于本研究为单中心样本,同时样本量较少,所得研究结论的可靠性还需多中心、大样本数据来进一步验证,从而为临床治疗提供更多参考。

基金项目

承德市科技局项目(编号201804A046)。

NOTES

*通讯作者。

参考文献

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