政治经济学视域下马克思对唯心辩证法的双重批判

Marx’s Dual Criticism of Idealistic Dialectics from the Perspective of Political Economy

摘要: 马克思唯物辩证法的发展是建立在批判蒲鲁东和黑格尔唯心辩证法的基础上的。首先，马克思在《哲学的贫困》中从本体论、认识论和方法论三个角度批判了蒲鲁东以唯心辩证法为基础的经济学的不合理性；其次，马克思在《资本论》中颠倒并摧毁了黑格尔唯心辩证法中的神秘外壳，赋予资本以实体和主体的双重属性，再将作为合理内核的否定之否定原则运用在资本的辩证运动上。最后，马克思从批判蒲鲁东和黑格尔唯心辩证法入手，为深入剖析资本主义社会奠定了理论基础。

Abstract: The development of Marxist materialist dialectics is based on the criticism of Prussian and Hegelian idealistic dialectics. Firstly, Marx criticized the irrationality of Prudence’s economics based on idealistic dialectics from three perspectives: ontology, epistemology, and methodology in The Poverty of Philosophy. Secondly, Marx reversed and destroyed the mysterious shell of Hegelian idealistic dialectics in Capital, endowing capital with dual attributes of entity and subject, and then applying the principle of negation as a reasonable core to the dialectical movement of capital. Finally, Marx began by criticizing Prussian and Hegelian idealistic dialectics, laying a theoretical foundation for an in-depth analysis of capitalist society.