基于Abaqus的燕尾型滑块有限元分析

Finite Element Analysis of a Dovetail-Type Slider Based on Abaqus

摘要: 机械设备是制造业的核心生产力，制造业有能够推进机械设备的发展。机械设备能够进行各种形式的运动离不开导向装置。燕尾导轨就是一种常见的导向装置，广泛用于各种机械设备中，能够保证运动部件进行直线运动，并且具有良好的稳定性和负载能力。在一些设备中，燕尾导轨常常会倒置使用，在这种情况下，配套的滑块连接了物体与导轨，会承受较大的载荷，需要对滑块进行安全评估。本文通过使用UG建模和Abaqus有限元分析，对滑块进行静态分析、模态分析和谐波响应分析。得到了滑块在工作载荷作用下的最大应力值和最大应变值以及滑块的振动特性。通过以上分析，对滑块的安全性和稳定性进行了评估，滑块的应力和应变都在安全使用范围中，滑块的固有频率远高于工作中的振动频率，不会出现共振现象，并提出了滑块结构优化的建议。

Abstract: Mechanical equipment is the core productive force of the manufacturing industry, and manufacturing plays a crucial role in advancing the development of mechanical equipment. The motion of mechanical equipment in various forms relies on guiding devices. The dovetail guide rail is a common guiding device widely used in various types of machinery. It ensures the linear motion of moving components while providing excellent stability and load-bearing capacity. In some equipment, dovetail guide rails are often used in an inverted configuration. In such cases, the corresponding slider, which connects the object to the guide rail, bears significant loads, necessitating a safety evaluation. This paper utilizes UG modeling and Abaqus finite element analysis to conduct static analysis, modal analysis, and harmonic response analysis on the slider. The study determines the maximum stress and strain values of the slider under working loads, as well as its vibration characteristics. Based on these analyses, the safety and stability of the slider are evaluated. The results show that the stress and strain levels remain within the safe operating range, and the natural frequency of the slider is significantly higher than the working vibration frequency, eliminating the risk of resonance. Additionally, structural optimization suggestions for the slider are proposed.