基于双层微结构的纸基压阻传感器制备及多功能应用

Preparation and Multifunctional Applications of Paper-Based Piezoresistive Sensors Based on Bilayer Microstructures

摘要: 随着柔性电子器件的快速发展，对纸基压阻传感器的性能要求不断提高，柔性纸基压阻传感器在未来的发展重点是高灵敏度、快速响应时间、宽测量范围和低功耗等方面。此外，为了满足不同的应用场景需求，这些传感器还需要具备可弯曲、可拉伸和可穿戴等特性。然而随着对先进技术的不断追求，柔性传感器也面临着一些挑战，这些设备必须兼顾高灵敏度、耐用性和快速响应时间，同时克服传统纸质基底的局限性，在这种条件下，叉指电极的出现提高纸基压阻传感器传感性能的一种很有前途的解决方案。本研究提出了一种结合单宁酸原位还原和微波诱导技术制备高性能纸基压阻传感器的新方法。以硝酸银为晶种，直接在纸纤维上合成了不同尺寸的银纳米粒子。该传感器采用双层结构，以石墨叉指电极为导电基底，显著提高了灵敏度和稳定性。传感性能测试表明：其压力响应范围为1.4~310 kPa，其中，在1.4~26 kPa的范围内，灵敏度为6.193 kPa⁻¹，在27~165 kPa的范围内，灵敏度为0.215 kPa⁻¹，在166~310 kPa的范围内，灵敏度为0.043 kPa⁻¹。它具有200 ms的快速响应时间和400 ms的恢复时间，以及出色的耐用性，在20,000次循环中保持稳定的性能。这种耐用性归功于单宁酸的粘附性能，它可以将导电材料牢固地原位还原在纸纤维上而不会脱落，从而增强了传感器的长期稳定性。这些特性的结合使该传感器成为下一代柔性电子应用的有前途的候选者。

Abstract: With the rapid advancement of flexible electronic devices, the performance requirements for paper-based piezoresistive sensors are becoming increasingly stringent. Future developments in flexible paper-based piezoresistive sensors will focus on achieving high sensitivity, fast response times, wide measurement ranges and low power consumption, etc. Additionally, to cater to diverse application scenarios, these sensors must incorporate characteristics such as bendability, stretchability and wearability. However, as the demand for advanced technologies grows, flexible sensors face several challenges. These devices must balance high sensitivity, durability and rapid response times while overcoming the limitations of traditional paper substrates. Under these conditions, the appearance of interdigital electrodes has emerged as a promising solution to enhance the sensing performance of paper-based piezoresistive sensors. The study proposes a novel approach to fabricate a high-performance paper-based piezoresistive sensor by combining tannic acid in-situ reduction and microwave-induced techniques. Silver nanoparticles of varying sizes are synthesized directly on paper fibers using silver nitrate as the seed crystal. The sensor is constructed using a double-layer architecture with graphite interdigital electrodes as the conductive base, significantly improving sensitivity and stability. The sensing performance tests showed that the pressure response ranges were from 1.4 to 310 kPa, with a sensitivity of 6.193 kPa⁻¹ at 1.4 and 26 kPa, 0.215 kPa⁻¹ between 27 and 165 kPa, and 0.043 kPa⁻¹ from 166 to 310 kPa. It demonstrates a fast response time of 200 ms and a recovery time of 400 ms, alongside exceptional durability and maintaining stable performance over 20,000 cycles. This durability is attributed to the adhesive properties of tannic acid, which securely reduce the conductive materials in situ onto paper fibers without detachment, thereby enhancing the sensor’s long-term stability. The combination of these features positions this sensor as a promising candidate for next-generation flexible electronic applications.