农村供水工程水质问题分析与优化策略研究

Analysis and Optimization Strategies Research on Water Quality Issues in Rural Water Supply Projects

摘要: 为探究云南省农村供水工程水质问题，综合评估水质达标率及其影响因素，保障农村供水安全，以云南省31项农村供水工程监测数据为基础，系统分析水源水、出厂水及末梢水的达标情况。结果显示，末梢水合格率(72.7%)显著低于水源水(91.3%)和出厂水(80.6%)，主要问题为消毒副产物超标(三氯甲烷占比26.7%)、管网二次污染(总大肠菌群超标率46.7%)、金属元素污染(铁/锰超标率13.3%)及pH异常(超标率33.3%)。成因分析表明，消毒工艺粗放、管网老化渗漏及运行管理不足是核心风险点。提出开展水源水、出厂水、末梢水同步监测；建立“工艺优化–管网改造–智能监测”三位一体策略，包括升级消毒工艺、建立自动化水质检测与调控系统；提升自动化与信息化水平等，为全面提升农村供水水质达标率提供科学支撑，并为同类地区水质保障提供参考。

Abstract: To investigate water quality issues in rural water supply projects in Yunnan Province, this study comprehensively evaluates the compliance rates of water quality and its influencing factors to ensure rural water supply safety. Based on monitoring data from 31 rural water supply projects in Yunnan Province, the compliance rates of source water, finished water, and tap water are systematically analyzed. The results show that the tap water compliance rate (72.7%) is significantly lower than that of source water (91.3%) and finished water (80.6%). The main issues include excessive disinfection by-products (trichloromethane accounting for 26.7%), secondary pollution in pipelines (total coliform exceedance rate: 46.7%), metal element contamination (iron/manganese exceedance rate: 13.3%), and abnormal pH (exceedance rate: 33.3%). Causative analysis indicates that inadequate disinfection processes, aging and leaking pipelines, and insufficient operational management are the core risk factors. Proposed strategies include synchronized monitoring of source water, finished water, and tap water; establishing a tripartite optimization framework of “process enhancement-pipeline renovation-intelligent monitoring”; upgrading disinfection processes, implementing automated water quality detection and regulation systems; improving automation and informatization levels. These measures provide scientific support for enhancing water quality compliance rates in rural water supply projects and serve as a reference for similar regions.