儿童头痛常见病因的研究进展

Research Progress on Common Causes of Headache in Children

摘要: 头痛是儿科临床实践中的常见主诉，从占绝对多数的良性原发性头痛到虽少见却危及生命的继发性头痛，构成了复杂的病因谱。本文优先阐述原发性头痛这一重要病因，随后依次分析继发性头痛中常见的病因，如感染与发热、精神心理因素、药物过度使用、头颈部创伤、颅压异常等，并对鼻窦炎相关性头痛进行详细探讨，最后论及少见的严重器质性疾病，如脑肿瘤、脑血管病、中枢神经系统感染等。本文通过系统综述儿童头痛常见病因的最新研究进展，旨在为临床医师提供一个清晰、实用、符合临床思维流程的病因诊断框架，从而实现高效、准确的评估与管理。

Abstract: Headache is a common chief complaint in pediatric clinical practice, ranging from the majority of benign primary headaches to rare but life-threatening secondary headaches, forming a complex etiological spectrum. This article prioritizes the discussion of primary headache as an important cause, followed by an analysis of common causes of secondary headache, such as infection and fever, mental and psychological factors, overuse of medication, head and neck trauma, abnormal intracranial pressure, etc. It also provides a detailed exploration of sinusitis-related headache. Finally, it addresses rare but serious organic diseases, such as brain tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, and central nervous system infections. Through a systematic review of the latest research progress on common causes of childhood headache, this article aims to provide clinicians with a clear, practical, and clinically logical framework for etiological diagnosis, thereby achieving efficient and accurate assessment and management.