人形机器人运行中的刑事政策初探

A Preliminary Study on Criminal Policy in the Operation of Humanoid Robots

摘要: 人工智能技术的发展势不可挡，其带来的风险亦不可忽视。对此，我国学者对人工智能运行中的刑事责任问题的探讨渐次展开。但是，对人形机器人运行中的刑事政策问题，目前学界鲜有涉及。鉴于当前社会发展和理念的不断创新，有必要采取广义的刑事政策观并在此基础之上对人形机器人运行中的刑事政策进行初步探讨。具体而言，在内容上仍须以宽严相济的刑事政策作为基本遵循，在弱人工智能时代加大对利用人形机器人犯罪人员的处罚力度，兼顾防治犯罪和技术发展；在强人工智能时代既要将人形机器人纳入刑罚处罚范围，也要对人形机器人自身权利的保障予以重视。在对其内容的实现路径上，一方面要坚持社会安全与技术发展并行，重视技术监测与预防并且加强培训教育与宣传教育，及时回应人形机器人运行中所带来的刑事风险；另一方面还需要进一步兼顾刑法的刑事政策化与刑事政策的刑法化两个命题，重视社会的协同治理功效，为预防犯罪与社会的和谐稳定发展提供助力。

Abstract: The development of artificial intelligence technology is unstoppable, and the risks it brings cannot be ignored. In this regard, our country scholars have gradually discussed the issue of criminal liability in the operation of artificial intelligence. However, the criminal policy issues in the operation of humanoid robots are rarely covered in the academic community. In view of the current social development and the continuous innovation of concepts, it is necessary to adopt a broad view of criminal policy and make a preliminary discussion on the criminal policy in the operation of humanoid robots on this basis. Specifically, in terms of content, it is still necessary to follow the criminal policy of combining leniency and severity, increase the punishment of criminals who use humanoid robots in the era of weak artificial intelligence, and take into account crime prevention and technological development; In the era of strong artificial intelligence, humanoid robots should not only be included in the scope of criminal punishment, but also pay attention to the protection of humanoid robots’ own rights. On the one hand, it is necessary to adhere to the parallel social security and technological development, attach importance to technology monitoring and prevention, strengthen training, education and publicity and education, and respond to the criminal risks brought about by the operation of humanoid robots in a timely manner. On the other hand, it is also necessary to further take into account the two propositions of criminal policy of criminal law and criminalization of criminal policy, pay attention to the effect of collaborative governance of society, and provide assistance for the harmonious and stable development of crime prevention and society.