企业非财务信息披露“漂绿”行为的形成、识别与治理

Formation, Identification and Governance of “Greenwashing” Behavior in Enterprises’ Non-Financial Information Disclosure

摘要: 在全球可持续发展浪潮与我国“双碳”战略目标的背景下，企业非财务信息披露已成为衡量企业长期价值与可持续发展能力的重要内容。2024年，我国上市公司可持续发展报告指引的发布，标志着非财务信息披露正式进入“强制披露与自愿披露相结合”的新阶段。然而，非财务信息披露规模快速增长的同时，“漂绿”现象日益凸显。本文基于会计视角，系统研究了企业非财务信息披露的“漂绿”行为。研究发现，“漂绿”行为主要表现为文本美化与模糊化披露、选择性披露与负面信息隐瞒、虚假承诺与实质脱节、鉴证形式化与数据不可验证四类表现形式。其成因包括外部环境压力、内部治理缺陷与外部监督不足三方面因素。本文构建了合规性、匹配性、可验证性三大识别维度，提出优化非财务信息与财务数据联动流程、明确非财务信息鉴证核心审计程序、细化非财务信息披露量化标准、落实漂绿行为的违规处罚措施等治理路径，为提升非财务信息披露质量、遏制漂绿行为提供理论支持与实践指导。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of global sustainability trends and China’s “Dual Carbon” strategic goals, non-financial information disclosure has become a critical indicator of corporate long-term value and sustainable development capabilities. The release of China’s 2024 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines for listed companies marks the formal entry of non-financial disclosure into a new phase combining mandatory and voluntary disclosure. However, alongside the rapid expansion of non-financial disclosures, the phenomenon of “greenwashing” has become increasingly prominent. This paper systematically examines “greenwashing” behaviors in corporate non-financial disclosures from an accounting perspective. The study identifies four primary manifestations: textual embellishment and ambiguous disclosure, selective disclosure and concealment of negative information, false commitments and substantive disconnect, as well as formalized verification and unverifiable data. The root causes are attributed to three factors: external environmental pressures, internal governance deficiencies, and inadequate external supervision. The paper constructs three core identification dimensions of compliance, consistency and verifiability, and proposes such governance approaches as optimizing the linkage process between non-financial information and financial data, clarifying the core audit procedures for non-financial information assurance, refining the quantitative disclosure standards for non-financial information, and implementing penalty measures for violations of greenwashing practices. It thus provides theoretical support and practical guidance for improving the quality of non-financial information disclosure and curbing greenwashing behavior.