数字音乐独家版权滥用行为的反垄断规制

Antitrust Regulation of Abuse of Exclusive Copyright of Digital Music

摘要: 相较于通过著作权集体管理组织授权网络音乐服务商的传统模式，我国数字音乐市场限制普遍采用了一种“独家版权”许可模式。在此种模式下，具有市场支配地位的数字音乐平台的相关行为的性质在理论界有两种学说，合法说和违法说。而数字音乐独家版权模式造成的市场竞争隐患需要反垄断法的规制，通过对于实务中三种具体的滥用行为类型——拒绝交易、限定交易、捆绑交易进行分析，认为运用反垄断规制滥用行为存在困境，包括对于“市场支配地位”的界定实操困难，是否构成“滥用”认定存在困难。基于此，从市场结构和竞争状况两个角度出发，进行市场支配地位的认定，综合目的和结果两个方面明确构成“滥用”的认定标准，完善滥用行为的反垄断规制路径。

Abstract: Compared to the traditional model of authorizing online music service providers through copyright collective management organizations, China’s digital music market generally adopts an “exclusive copyright” licensing model. Under this model, there are two theories in the theoretical circle regarding the nature of the relevant behaviors of digital music platforms with a dominant market position: the legal theory and the illegal theory. The potential market competition risks caused by the exclusive copyright model of digital music require regulation under antitrust law. Through an analysis of three specific types of abusive behaviors in practice-refusal to deal, tying arrangements, and bundled transactions, it is believed that there are difficulties in regulating abusive behaviors with antitrust law, including practical difficulties in defining “dominant market position” and difficulties in determining whether it constitutes “abuse”. Based on this, from the perspectives of market structure and competition, this paper identifies the dominant market position, clarifies the criteria for determining “abuse” by integrating both purpose and result, and improves the antitrust regulatory path for abusive behaviors.