论醉酒型危险驾驶罪的体系化出罪方式

On the Systematic Approaches to Non-Conviction in Cases of Drunk Dangerous Driving Offenses

摘要: 在轻罪治理现代化背景下，醉酒型危险驾驶罪的司法实践面临“一刀切”入罪标准与复杂社会现实的冲突。当前刑事政策转向“严而不厉”模式，醉驾案件数量激增，但僵化的酒精含量标准忽视驾驶情境差异，且刑罚附随后果远超刑罚本身，加剧社会治理矛盾。现有出罪路径存在显著缺陷。对此，需构建体系化出罪机制：实体层面应明确“情节显著轻微”的具体情形；程序层面通过案件分流、非刑罚措施优化司法资源配置，兼顾效率与公正。研究主张，轻罪治理需平衡公共安全与个体权利，推动刑事司法从惩罚转向治理，最终通过立法细化、司法规范与社会政策协同，实现犯罪控制与人权保障的动态平衡。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the modernization of misdemeanor governance, the judicial practice of the crime of dangerous driving while intoxicated faces a conflict between a “one-size-fits-all” standard for incrimination and complex social realities. The current criminal policy has shifted towards a “strict but not severe" model, leading to a surge in drunk driving cases. However, the rigid blood-alcohol content standard overlooks differences in driving contexts, and the collateral consequences of penalties far exceed the punishment itself, exacerbating social governance contradictions. Existing pathways for non-conviction exhibit significant shortcomings. In response, there is a need to construct a systematic mechanism for non-conviction. On the substantive level, specific circumstances constituting “significantly minor circumstances” should be clarified. On the procedural level, judicial resource allocation should be optimized through case diversion and non-penal measures, balancing efficiency and justice. This research argues that misdemeanor governance must balance public safety and individual rights, promoting a shift in criminal justice from punishment to governance. Ultimately, through the synergy of legislative refinement, judicial standardization, and social policies, a dynamic balance between crime control and the protection of human rights can be achieved.