《现代汉语词典》基本颜色词特点分析——以“红”为例

Analysis of the Characteristics of Basic Color Words in “Modern Chinese Dictionary”—Taking “Red” as an Example

摘要: 以2016年出版的《现代汉语词典》(第7版)为封闭语料，以词典中收录的“红”及其词群为研究对象，采用定量统计、定性分析的方法，对以“红”为代表的基本颜色词在稳固性、普遍性、是产生新词的基础、模糊性以及系统性等方面的特点进行分析归纳。统计结果表明：“红”具有较强的稳固性、含“红”的词的语义类别丰富、“红”具有较强的能产性，且最有构词能力的是义项υ、最能产的构词结构是偏正结构、颜色词本身的丰富性以及词典借物呈色的释义方式，体现出“红”的模糊性以及通过对“红”色词群内部辨色词、指色词、描色词的分析，发掘出“红”色词群的系统性。

Abstract: Taking the 2016-published “Modern Chinese Dictionary” (7th Edition) as a closed corpus, and the word “red” and its related word groups as the research object, this paper adopts quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis methods to analyze and summarize the characteristics of the basic color word “red” in terms of stability, universality, being the basis for generating new words, fuzziness, and systematicness. The statistical results show that “red” has strong stability, the semantic categories of words containing “red” are rich, “red” has strong productivity, the most productive semantic item is the meaning item υ, and the most productive word formation structure is the modifier-head structure. The richness of color terms themselves and the way in which dictionary explains colors by referring to objects all reflect the ambiguity of the color “red”. Through the analysis of the color-distinguishing words, color-indicating words, and color-describing words within the “red” color word group, the systematicness of the “red” color word group is discovered.