银发旅游列车政策对乡村康养民宿发展驱动机制多案例研究

Driving Mechanisms of Silver Tourism Train Policy on Rural Wellness Homestay Development: A Multiple Case Study

摘要: 本研究以国务院《关于发展银发经济增进老年人福祉的意见》及银发旅游列车政策为背景，聚焦“银发旅游列车政策如何驱动乡村康养民宿发展”核心问题，整合政策工具理论、产业链协同思想与需求传导理论，构建从交通基础设施赋能到产业链协同增值再到需求端倒逼创新的三维驱动方法。通过东中西部黄山歙县、贵州肇兴侗寨、黑龙江雪乡等地多案例对比研究，发现银发旅游列车政策通过适老化改造、铁路–民宿客流置换、高阶健康需求传导等路径可以推动乡村康养民宿发展的同时其效能亦受到区域资源禀赋与市场化水平调节。其中，东部地区黄山歙县依托高铁网络与成熟康养资源，政策侧重消费券发放的激励型工具，驱动民宿高端化；西部地区以非遗文化为核心，采用能力型政策工具，形成铁路引流和文化增值的互动；东北地区依赖冰雪生态，采用强化型工具，平衡季节性供需波动。研究进一步揭示政策工具的区域适配逻辑，并提出“公益性与市场化平衡”混合运营方案，尝试摆脱中西部民宿现阶段发展困境。本文的边际贡献在于整合政策工具理论与农村创业理论，揭示政策通过结合跨部门协同和人力资本配置优化基层实践的机制，为银发经济发展提供理论拓展与实践路径。

Abstract: Situated within the policy context of the State Council’s Opinions on Developing the Silver Economy to Enhance the Well-Being of the Elderly and the emerging Silver Tourism Train Policy, this study addresses the core research question: “How does the Silver Tourism Train Policy drive the development of rural wellness homestays?” Integrating policy instrument theory, industrial chain synergy theory, and demand transmission theory, we propose a three-dimensional driving framework encompassing transportation infrastructure empowerment, industrial chain synergy value enhancement, and demand-side innovation impetus. Through a multiple-case comparative analysis of representative sites—Shexian County in Huangshan, Zhaoxing Dong Village in Guizhou and Danba Tibetan Village in Sichuan, and Xuexiang in Heilongjiang—the findings reveal that the policy fosters rural wellness homestay development via age-friendly railway modifications, railway-to-homestay passenger flow diversion, and transmission of advanced health demands. Policy efficacy is significantly moderated by regional resource endowments and marketization levels. Specifically, Eastern regions leverage high-speed rail networks and mature wellness resources, deploying incentive-type instruments to propel the upscale transformation of homestays; Western regions center on intangible cultural heritage, adopting capacity-building instruments to establish an interactive cycle of railway-induced tourism and cultural value enhancement; and Northeastern regions, anchored in ice-snow ecology, implement regulatory-type instruments to balance seasonal supply-demand fluctuations. The study elucidates the regional fit logic of policy instruments and proposes a hybrid operational model balancing public welfare and market mechanisms to address developmental constraints faced by homestays in central and western regions. Theoretical contributions include: integrating policy instrument theory with rural entrepreneurship theory; uncovering how cross-departmental collaboration and optimized human capital allocation translate policy intent into effective grassroots practices; and advancing theoretical and practical pathways for sustainable silver economy development in rural contexts.