未成年人犯罪记录封存范围的解构与再造

Deconstructing and Reconstructing the Scope of Sealing of Minors’ Criminal Records

摘要: 无论是犯罪记录封存是否应当扩大范围的正义，还是犯罪记录封存手段的完善抑或是犯罪记录是否应该消灭的讨论都应当建立在儿童利益最大原则和双向保护原则的基础之上，既要能够实现对未成年人的充分保护，又要避免犯罪记录封存制度成为未成年人再犯罪的“避风港”：在封存制度的适用范围上既要考虑未成年人犯罪行为的后果，也要考虑未成年人的主观恶性和矫治可能性；在封存制度的法律后果上既要考虑形式上的封存，也应考虑实质上的消灭。在封存实体条件上秉持规范性和灵活性的结合，在程序适用上坚持正当性和公正性的统一。

Abstract: Whether it is the justice of whether the scope of criminal record sealing should be expanded, the improvement of the means of criminal record sealing or the discussion of whether criminal records should be eliminated should be based on the principle of the best interests of the child and the principle of two-way protection, so as to achieve the full protection of minors while avoiding the criminal record sealing system to become a “safe haven” for minors to commit crimes again. The scope of application of the sealing system should take into account both the consequences of the minor’s criminal behavior and the minor’s subjective viciousness and correctional possibilities; the legal consequences of the sealing system should consider both formal sealing and substantive elimination. In the substantive conditions of sealing, the combination of normality and flexibility should be upheld, and the unity of legitimacy and fairness should be adhered to in the procedural application.