三唑类杀菌剂的生态毒理学研究进展

Research Progress on Ecotoxicology of Triazole Fungicides

摘要: 三唑类菌剂是指含有三氮唑环结构的一类杀菌剂，绝大多数为手性化合物，具有高效、低毒、低残留等优点。其在农林领域得到广泛应用，在植物病害防治中发挥着重要作用。三唑类杀菌剂的大量使用引起了科研人员对其在环境中行为和生态毒性的关注。三唑类杀菌剂因其半衰期长且具有一定的水溶性，易在土壤和水体环境中残留，对环境生物产生不同程度的毒性和损伤。因此，本文从三唑类杀菌剂的种类与应用、在土壤和水体环境中的归趋与降解及其对环境中非靶标生物(包括土壤微生物、鱼类、水生无脊椎动物和浮萍植物)的毒性效应等方面进行了综述。同时指出，对手性三唑类杀菌剂在对映体水平的毒性及机制研究较少，应更多地关注其在环境行为与生物毒性的对映体选择性差异。

Abstract: Triazole fungicides refer to a class of fungicides containing a triazole ring structure, the majority of which are chiral compounds, with the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, and low residue. They are widely used in the agricultural and forestry fields, playing an important role in the prevention and control of plant diseases. The extensive use of triazole fungicides has raised concerns among researchers about their behavior and ecological toxicity in the environment. Due to their long half-life and certain water solubility, triazole fungicides are prone to residue in soil and water environments, causing varying degrees of toxicity and damage to environmental organisms. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the types and applications of triazole fungicides, their fate and degradation in soil and water environments, and their toxic effects on non-target organisms in the environment, including soil microorganisms, fish, aquatic invertebrates, and floating plants. At the same time, it is pointed out that there is limited research on the toxicity and mechanisms of chiral triazole fungicides at the enantiomeric level, and more attention should be paid to the enantiomeric selectivity of their environmental behavior and biological toxicity.