喘息服务视角下对失能老人家庭的社会支持研究

A Study on Social Support for Families of Disabled Elderly from the Perspective of Respite Service

摘要: 随着老龄化加剧，我国失能老人数量不断上升。失能老人的照护工作繁琐且具有长期性，容易导致其家庭照护者“工作–家庭”失衡，面临身心和经济双重压力。喘息服务能提高失能老人照护质量，缓解其照护者的照护压力，满足失能老人及其家庭照护者的社交需求，维护家庭养老功能。我国社会对喘息服务的价值认知缓慢，尚未形成完整的服务体系，本文在社会支持理论下针对我国现行的喘息服务情况，分析喘息服务社会支持体系建设面临的问题，包括供给主体单一、缺乏社会关注；服务内容单一、只重视生活照护、缺少专业护理和心理疏导；法律政策不健全、社会意识和接受程度低。根据面临的现实问题，建立多元主体的喘息服务支持体系，充分整合政府部门资源，结合“公益性岗位”和“4050”工程，大力建设社区照护者队伍，并促进市场化机构、学校、邻里互助团队和志愿者团队的参与。完善喘息服务内容，增加专业护理和心理沟通。健全法律法规，提高喘息服务社会接受度，营造喘息服务社会支持氛围。建立在线社会支持体系。

Abstract: As China’s aging degree deepens, the number of disabled elderly people is constantly increasing. Taking care of disabled elderly people is a tedious and long-term work which can easily lead to an unbalance between work and family. Caregivers are facing dual pressures from economy and physical and mental stresses. Respite services not only can improve the care quality for disabled elderly people, but also alleviate the pressure on the family caregivers. It meets the social needs of disabled elderly people and their family caregivers and maintains the family function of care. The recognition on the value of respite services in Chinese is slow, and a complete service system has not yet been formed. With the social support theory, this article analyzes the current situation of respite services and the problems of building the social support system for respite services. Firstly, the respite service lacks social attention, and its supplier is single. Secondly, the service content is simple. It only emphasizes daily care without professional care and psychological counseling. Thirdly, legal policies about respite service aren’t well-established, and social awareness and acceptance are low. Based on the realistic problems, we should establish a diversified respite service support system by fully integrating government resources. It can combine the project of “public welfare positions” and “4050”, and vigorously build a community caregiver team and promote the participation of market-oriented institutions, schools, and volunteer teams. Then we should enrich the content of respite services and add professional care and psychological communication. At last, we should perfect the legal system and improve the social acceptance of respite services and create a supportive atmosphere for respite services.