基于叶绿体基因组的单核苷酸多态位点的松属(松科)植物资源遗传多样性的分子鉴定新方法
A Novel Method for Molecular Identification of Genetic Diversity of Plant Resources in Pinus L. (Pinaceae) Based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Sites from Complete Chloroplast Genomes
DOI: 10.12677/br.2024.136061, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 刘美辰：北京市食品检验研究院(北京市食品安全监控和风险评估中心)，北京；郑勇奇, 李 斌*：中国林业科学研究院林业研究所，北京；中国林业科学研究院林木遗传和育种国家重点实验室，北京；左云娟：中国科学院东南亚生物多样性研究中心，云南 勐腊；中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园综合保护中心，云南 勐腊；靳晓白：国家植物园，北京；杨志荣：中国科学院植物研究所植物标本馆，北京；田 宏：内蒙古大青山国家级自然保护区管理局包头分局，内蒙古 包头；郭明星：汉中市茶业发展中心，陕西 汉中；索志立*：中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室，北京
关键词: 松科；松属；遗传多样性；叶绿体基因组；单核苷酸多态位点；分子鉴定；Pinaceae； Pinus L.； Genetic Diversity； Chloroplast Genome； Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Site； Molecular Identification
摘要: 遗传多样性的精准鉴定是资源可持续利用的基础。我们利用松属的3个种的叶绿体基因组序列中的物种特有的535个单核苷酸多态位点作为分子性状首次编制分子鉴定检索表，供试样品得到成功鉴定。物种特有的单核苷酸多态位点的数量和核苷酸构成存在种间差异。马尾松Pinus massoniana Lamb. (252)的特有单核苷酸多态位点的数量最多，随后依次是赤松P. densiflora Siebold & Zucc. (175)和黑松P. thunbergii Parl. (108)。马尾松的特有单核苷酸多态位点中，T的比例(29.37%)最高，随后依次是C (25.79%)、A (22.62%)和G (22.22%)，G的比例最低，总体上差异较小。黑松的特有单核苷酸多态位点中，T (36.11%)的比例较C (12.96%)的比例高2.7倍，较G (20.37%)的比例高1.7倍；A (30.56%)的比例略低于T的比例，是G的1.5倍，是C的2.3倍。赤松的特有单核苷酸多态位点中，T (31.43%)和A (28.57%)的比例明显高于C (18.86%)或G (21.14%)的比例。结果显示，叶绿体基因组的单核苷酸多态位点信息，可用于松属植物资源遗传多样性的分子鉴定。调查了中国过去120多年来松属植物标本的采集和馆藏现状，讨论了存在的问题和对策。本研究对于松属植物的分类修订、种质资源的保护与利用具有重要价值。
Abstract: Accurate identification of genetic diversity is essential for sustainable utilization of plant resources. In this paper, 535 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the chloroplast genomes of 3 species from the genus Pinus L. were used as molecular traits to identify the plant genetic resource diversity of this plant genus and to compile a molecular classification key for the first time. There are differences in aspects of amount and base composition of SNPs among the species. The amount of SNPs in Pinus massoniana Lamb. (252) is the highest, being higher than that in P. densiflora Siebold & Zucc. (175) or P. thunbergii Parl. (108). In P. massoniana, the proportion of T (29.37%) is the highest, larger than that of C (25.79), and that of A (22.62%) or G (22.62%) is the lowest. In P. thunbergii, the proportion of T (36.11%) is 2.7 times that of C (12.96%), and 1.7 times that of G (20.37%). A (30.56%) is a little bit smaller than that of T, being 1.5 times that of G, and 2.3 times that of C. In P. densiflora, the proportion of T (31.43%) or A (28.57%) is significantly higher than that of C (18.86%) or G (21.14%). Our results indicated that single nucleotide polymorphism sites from the chloroplast genomes could be used for distinguishing different species successfully in the genus Pinus. The status of Pinus plant specimens collected in the past over 120 years in China is investigated, and problems and possible strategies are discussed. This study is valuable for taxonomic revision, conservation and utilization of Pinus plant germplasm resources.
文章引用：刘美辰, 郑勇奇, 李斌, 左云娟, 靳晓白, 杨志荣, 田宏, 郭明星, 索志立. 基于叶绿体基因组的单核苷酸多态位点的松属(松科)植物资源遗传多样性的分子鉴定新方法[J]. 植物学研究, 2024, 13(6): 574-590. https://doi.org/10.12677/br.2024.136061

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