2020年日本高考英语改革及对中国的启示

The English Reform of the Japanese College Entrance Examination in 2020 and Its Implications for China

摘要: 为提高国际竞争力、培养国际化人才，日本文部省计划于2020年废除已使用29年的“大学入学中心考试”，改为使用“大学入学共通考试”。其中英语科目改革的目的是在考试中综合评估学生英语听、说、读、写能力。围绕这一目的，英语科目改革主要有两大措施：一是将全国统考的英语试题中听力分值提高至英语总分50%；二是引入民间英语考试成绩作为高考英语总成绩一部分，其中后者因广泛批评和质疑，方案暂缓至2024年。此次日本高考英语改革陷入停滞的主要原因是改革后的高考英语方案破坏了高考的公平公正和权威性。本文通过对日本此次高考英语改革得失进行评析，为我国高考英语改革提供了经验和启示。

Abstract: To improve international competitiveness and cultivate internationalized talents, Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) planned to abolish the “National Center Test for University Admissions” which has been in practice for 29 years, and replace it with the “Common Test for University Admissions” in 2020. For the English subject, the purpose of the reform was to comprehensively assess students’ ability to listen, speak, read, and write in the examination. To this end, there were two main measures in the English subject reform: one was to increase the listening score in the English test of the national examination to 50% of the total English score; and the other was to include the scores of the private English test as part of the total English score in the college entrance examination, of which the latter was widely criticized and challenged, as the program has been suspended until 2024. The main reason for the stagnation of the English reform of the college entrance examination in Japan was that the reformed English program undermined the college entrance examination’s fairness, impartiality, and authority. This paper analyzes the gains and losses of the English reform of this Japanese college entrance examination to provide experience and inspiration for the English reform of China’s college entrance examination.