不同类型养老机构老年人生活自理能力现状调查

Survey on the Current Status of Self-Care Ability of the Elderly in Different Types of Elderly Care Institutions

摘要: 目的：调查不同类型养老机构中老年人的生活自理能力现状，并分析其影响因素。方法：本研究采用便利抽样，共纳入湖南省某市2家机构养老和2家社区养老的老年人为研究对象，采用一般资料问卷和日常生活能力量表(ADL)进行问卷调查，采用卡方检验、多元线性回归进行数据分析。结果：养老机构中的老年人日常生活能力总分(62.03 ± 21.91)分，机构养老的老年人日常生活能力得分(60.49 ± 21.5)分，处于生活基本自理程度；社区养老的老年人日常生活得分(88.5 ± 8.8)分，处理自理能力尚可程度；多元线性回归分析显示：年龄、文化程度(初中)、婚姻状况(丧偶)、月收入(3501~4500元)、慢性疾病类型(与记忆相关疾病)、慢病年限(7~10年)是影响养老机构老年人生活自理能力的重要因素(P < 0.05)。结论：湖南省某市的养老机构老年人生活自理能力整体水平不高，社区养老的老年人生活自理能力水平高于机构养老的老年人生活自理能力。养老机构中的照护人员应关注本机构中老年人护理重点，优化自身机构的养老服务质量。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the current status of self-care ability among the elderly in different types of elderly care institutions and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: This study employed convenience sampling, including elderly individuals from two institutional care facilities and two community care settings in a city in Hunan Province as research subjects. A general information questionnaire and the Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale were used for the survey. Chi-square tests and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted for data analysis. Results: The total score of daily living ability of the elderly in elderly care institutions was (62.03 ± 21.91) points, and the score for the elderly in institutional care was (60.49 ± 21.5) points, indicating a basic level of self-care ability. The score for community-based elderly care was (88.5 ± 8.8) points, indicating a fair level of self-care ability. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, level of education (junior high school), marital status (widowed), monthly income (3501~4500 yuan), type of chronic disease (diseases related to memory), and duration of chronic disease (7~10 years) are important factors affecting the self-care ability of the elderly in elderly care institutions (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The overall level of self-care ability of the elderly in elderly care institutions in a city in Hunan Province is not high, and the level of self-care ability of the elderly in community care is higher than that of the elderly in institutional care. Caregivers in elderly care institutions should focus on the key areas of elderly care in their institutions and improve the quality of elderly care services.