体育锻炼与大学新生睡眠质量之间的关系——自我控制的中介作用

The Relationship between Physical Exercise and Sleep Quality of Freshmen in University—The Mediating Role of Self-Control

摘要: 目的：探究大学新生群体体育锻炼、睡眠质量与自我控制三者间的相互关系，为通过体育锻炼改善大学新生睡眠质量的研究和实践提供理论参考。方法：采用体育锻炼等级量表(PARS-3)、自我控制量表(SCS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)对重庆某高校非体育专业大一、研一学生进行问卷调查，使用SPSS27.0进行统计分析。结果：本次研究中体育锻炼平均得分为16.63 ± 15.95、自我控制平均得分为61.69 ± 11.14、睡眠质量平均得分为5.88 ± 2.72；体育锻炼对睡眠质量得分有显著的负向预测作用；体育锻炼对自我控制有显著的正向预测作用；自我控制在体育锻炼对睡眠质量的影响中起部分中介作用，占总效应的16.71%。结论：体育锻炼不仅仅能够直接影响睡眠质量还会通过中介变量自我控制对睡眠质量产生影响；未来可针对大学新生通过开展多种途径的体育锻炼活动改善睡眠质量。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the interrelationships among physical exercise, sleep quality, and self-control among college freshmen groups, and to provide a theoretical reference for the research and practice of improving the sleep quality of college freshmen through physical exercise. Methods: The Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Self-Control Scale (SCS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey among freshmen and first-year graduate students majoring in non-sports at a certain university in Chongqing. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS27.0. Results: In this study, the average score of physical exercise was 16.63 ± 15.95, the average score of self-control was 61.69 ± 11.14, and the average score of sleep quality was 5.88 ± 2.72. Physical exercise had a significant negative predictive effect on the score of sleep quality. Physical exercise had a significant positive predictive effect on self-control. Self-control played a partial mediating role in the influence of physical exercise on sleep quality, accounting for 16.71% of the total effect. Conclusion: Physical exercise not only directly affects sleep quality but also influences sleep quality through the mediating variable of self-control. In the future, various physical exercise activities can be carried out for college freshmen to improve sleep quality.