DWI阴性急性脑梗死影像学新技术应用研究进展

Progress in the Application of New Techniques in Imaging of DWI-Negative Acute Cerebral Infarction

摘要: 传统的影像学检查如CT和MRI已在急性脑梗死的诊断中发挥重要作用，但DWI阴性情况的出现提示了诊断的复杂性，这类患者的早期诊断和治疗对预后至关重要。本文综述了急性脑梗死影像学新技术应用研究的进展，特别关注了DWI阴性急性脑梗死的诊断挑战与新技术的应用。功能MRI、PET和SPECT等因其能够提供更详细的功能与代谢信息而被视为提高DWI阴性急性脑梗死诊断率的关键。这些新技术展示了早期识别微小梗死和早期脑梗死的潜能，有助于区分暂时性缺血与不可逆的脑组织坏死。然而，新兴技术的临床应用仍面临挑战。未来研究应集中于新技术的标准化、普及化、与传统技术的结合及成本效益分析，同时结合大数据和人工智能技术优化图像分析，可能进一步提高DWI阴性急性脑梗死的诊断准确性和治疗效果。

Abstract: Traditional imaging tests such as CT and MRI have played an important role in the diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction, but the emergence of DWI-negative cases suggests the complexity of the diagnosis, and the early diagnosis and treatment of these patients are crucial to the prognosis. This article reviews the progress of research on the application of new imaging techniques in acute cerebral infarction, with a special focus on the diagnostic challenges of DWI-negative acute cerebral infarction and the application of new techniques. Functional MRI, PET, and SPECT are seen as key to improving the diagnostic rate of DWI-negative acute cerebral infarction due to their ability to provide more detailed functional and metabolic information. These new techniques demonstrate the potential for early identification of microinfarcts and early cerebral infarction and help to differentiate between transient ischaemia and irreversible brain tissue necrosis. However, the clinical application of emerging technologies still faces challenges. Future research should focus on the standardisation, popularisation, integration with traditional techniques and cost-benefit analysis of new techniques, while optimising image analysis by combining big data and artificial intelligence techniques, which may further improve the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy of DWI-negative acute cerebral infarction.