世界遗产视角下湿地的国际比较和启示——以腾冲北海湿地为例

International Comparison and Inspiration of Wetlands from the Perspective of World Heritage—A Case Study in the Tengchong Beihai Wetland

摘要: 腾冲北海湿地作为我国西南地区唯一的亚热带高原火山堰塞湖湿地，拥有水流、湿地、森林、草原、草甸等蔚为壮观的自然景观，其巨大湖泊“浮毯”草甸是全国罕见景观，属于自然常年性浅水湖和草木沼泽湿地，有着丰富的生态资源。本文从世界遗产视角出发，总结了世界遗产湿地的保护现状，介绍了云南腾冲北海湿地的保护。此外，本文还就腾冲北海湿地的保护现状与世界湿地遗产进行对比研究，指出了腾冲北海湿地保护中存在的问题，并通过借鉴相关经验弥补我国在立法、管理体制、技术手段等方面的不足，推进腾冲北海湿地保护的进程。

Abstract: Tengchong Beihai Wetland, as the only subtropical plateau volcanic weir lake wetland in the southwest of China, has water flow, wetlands, forests, grasslands, meadows and other spectacular natural landscapes, and its huge lake, “Floating Blanket” meadow is a rare landscape in the country, which belongs to the natural year-round shallow lakes and grassy swamps wetlands, with a wealth of ecological resources. This paper summarises the current conservation status of World Heritage wetlands from a World Heritage perspective and introduces the conservation of the Beihai Wetland in Tengchong, Yunnan. In addition, the paper also makes a comparative study on the conservation status of Tengchong Beihai Wetland and the World Wetland Heritage, points out the problems in the conservation of Tengchong Beihai Wetland, and makes up for the deficiencies in legislation, management system, technical means and other aspects of our country by drawing on relevant experiences to promote the process of Tengchong Beihai Wetland conservation.