武汉市社区低龄老年人的社会支持与心理健康关系研究

A Study on the Relationship between Social Support and Mental Health among Community-Based Low-Aged Elderly in Wuhan City

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在调查分析武汉市社区不同年龄段老年人的心理健康现状，研究其心理健康与社会支持之间的关系。方法：本研究采用多阶段随机抽样的方法，对武汉市三个主城区中的老年大学和社区的50岁及以上的中老年人进行问卷调查，共收集有效样本2000份。调查老年人的基本信息、社会关系与社区参与度、心理健康，采用多元回归分析和调节效应等分析方法，分析老年人心理健康与社会支持的潜在影响。结果：调查发现，年龄在60~69岁的老年群体的抑郁和焦虑得分高于50~59岁的老年群体。变量影响关系分析结果显示，社会关系和社会参与均对老年人焦虑、抑郁和压力水平具有显著的影响(p < 0.001)，其中已婚男性中，社会支持对心理健康的负面影响更大。结论：改善社会关系和增加社会参与度对提升老年人的心理健康具有积极作用。社区应通过建立和强化社会支持网络及开展社区活动，帮助老年群体缓解心理压力，尤其是对已婚男性提供更多个性化的支持。本研究为社区政策的制定提供了实证依据，建议加强对低龄老年群体心理健康状况的关注，提升其社会关系与参与度，从而促进其幸福感和整体福祉。

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to investigate and analyze the mental health status of elderly individuals in different age groups within Wuhan’s community and examine the relationship between their mental health and social support. Methods: This study used multi-stage random sampling to conduct a questionnaire survey of middle-aged and older adults aged 50 and above in senior universities and communities in three main urban areas of Wuhan and collected a total of 2000 valid samples. Basic information, social relationships and community participation, and mental health of the elderly were investigated, and analytical methods such as multiple regression analysis and moderated effects were used to analyze the potential impact of mental health and social support of the elderly. Results: The survey found that depression and anxiety scores were higher in the 60~69-year-old age group than in the 50~59-year-old age group. The results of variable impact relationship analysis showed that both social relationships and social participation had a significant effect (p < 0.001) on anxiety, depression and stress levels in older adults, with social support having a greater negative impact on mental health among married men. Conclusion: Improving social relationships and increasing social participation have a positive impact on enhancing the mental health of older adults. Communities should establish and strengthen social support networks and organize community activities to help the elderly alleviate psychological stress, providing more personalized support, especially for married men. This study provides empirical evidence for the development of community policies, recommending increased attention to the mental health of younger elderly groups, enhancing their social relationships and participation, thereby promoting their happiness and overall well-being.