表面富铬化处理对不锈钢表面性能影响
Anodization Treatment of 304 Stainless Steel Effect on Surface Properties
DOI: 10.12677/amc.2025.131008, PDF,   
作者: 欧志东, 刘永良, 汪 洋, 刘 建, 罗 均：中石油西南油气田分公司川东北气矿，四川 达州；邓洪达：重庆科技大学冶金与动力工程学院，重庆
关键词: 亚光；不锈钢；阳极氧化；磷酸；柠檬酸；双氧水；Matte； Stainless Steel； Anodization； Phosphoric Acid； Critic Acid； Hydrogen Peroxide
摘要: 目的：本文通过优化富铬化处理液成分浓度，在304不锈钢表面制备亚光、硬度和耐点蚀性能优良的薄膜。方法：本文选择柠檬酸(C6H8O7)、低浓度磷酸(H3PO4)和双氧水(H2O2)作为基础溶液组份，采用阳极氧化法处理304不锈钢表面，以表面薄膜的亚光度、粗糙度和硬度作为性能指标探究最佳亚光处理304不锈钢溶液配方；结合动电位扫描和SEM技术比较用最佳溶液配方处理前后不锈钢的耐点蚀性能差异。结果：在工艺条件温度70℃和氧化时间1 h条件下，最佳阳极氧化溶液配方为28 g∙L−1 H3PO4、20 g∙L−1 C6H8O7、200 g∙L−1 H2O2。磷酸和柠檬酸对亚光度、粗糙度和硬度影响明显；双氧水对亚光度和粗糙度影响小，但对硬度影响明显。采用最佳配方亚光处理液处理304不锈钢后，不锈钢的亚光度为10.6%，粗糙度增加了2.87倍，硬度增加为1.1倍，点蚀电位明显正移，表面点蚀孔径明显减小。结论：亚光处理使304不锈钢表面呈亚光；表面硬度未下降；耐点蚀性明显提高。
Abstract: Purpose: It is aimed to obtain outstanding surface properties of film formed on 304 stainless steel, such as matte surface, hardness, pitting resistance by optimizing the concentration of composing in the matte surface treating solution. Methods: In this paper critic acid (C6H8O7) and lower phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are concerned as the basic solution components, and the surface of 304 stainless steel was treated by anodic oxidation method. The optimal solution concentration of matte surface treatment on 304 stainless steel was obtained by the change of the contents of H3PO4, C6H8O7, and H2O2 according to matte degree, roughness and hardness of post-surface treated stainless steel. Potentiodynamic technology and SEM were applied to compare pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel with and without matte surface treated in the solution with optimal solution composition. Results: The results show that the optimal solution is composed of 28 g.L-1H3PO4, 20 g.L-1C6H8O7, 200 g.L-1H2O2 at 70℃ for 1 h. Phosphoric acid and critical acid tremendously effect on matte degree, roughness and hardness. Hydrogen peroxide slightly affects matter and roughness, but tremendously effect on hardness. After treating the optimal solution, the stainless steel showed the matte degree of 10.6%, roughness of 0.23, hardness of 236 HV0.2, and pitting protection potential of 0.686 VAgCl/Ag. Conclusions: Matte surface anodization in such optimal solution made the stainless steel with matte surface and even with silvery white metallic luster, with no decrease of hardness, and the tremendous increase of pitting corrosion resistance.
文章引用：欧志东, 刘永良, 汪洋, 邓洪达, 刘建, 罗均. 表面富铬化处理对不锈钢表面性能影响[J]. 材料化学前沿, 2025, 13(1): 58-65. https://doi.org/10.12677/amc.2025.131008

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