固废及生活垃圾高温气化制氢工艺流程模拟研究

Simulation Study on the Process Flow of High-Temperature Gasification of Solid Waste and Household Waste for Hydrogen Production

摘要: 在“碳达峰、碳中和”的时代背景下，使用城市固废及生活垃圾制“绿氢”技术具有明显优势和发展潜力。本文通过Aspen Plus软件建立了固废及生活垃圾高温气化制氢系统模型，研究了热解温度、气化剂组成及比例对合成气组份的影响。模拟结果表明：当含水率为55.43%的垃圾干燥至含水率15%，干燥温度180℃，气化温度800℃以上，熔融温度1500℃，气化剂为水蒸气和氧气，总气化剂系数为0.3 (水蒸气40%，氧气60%)时，热解气化所需能量为112204.1 MJ·h⁻¹，合成气摩尔流量为377.232 kmol/h，可燃气体摩尔流量为280.37 kmol/h，氢气的摩尔比为34.34%，一氧化碳摩尔比为29.76%，甲烷10.22%，合成气低位热值为11.14 MJ·m⁻³。城市固废及生活垃圾制备的“绿氢”可进一步合成“绿氨”应用于火电掺氨燃烧实现减碳降碳。

Abstract: In the context of “carbon peak, carbon neutral”, the use of municipal solid waste (MSW) to produce “green hydrogen” technology has obvious advantages and development potential. In this paper, hydrogen production from plasma gasification of solid waste and domestic waste is modeled by Aspen Plus, and ammonia synthesis is simply simulated using hydrogen. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, gasifier composition and ratio on syngas composition are investigated. The simulation results showed that when the water content of the waste is 55.43%, the moisture content after drying is 15%, the drying temperature is 180˚C, the gasification temperature is 800˚C, melting temperature 1500˚C, the gasification agents are water vapor and oxygen, and the total gasification agent coefficient is 0.3 (40% for water vapor and 60% for oxygen), the energy required for pyrolysis and gasification is 112204.1 MJ·h⁻¹, and the molar flow rate of the produced gas is 377.232 kmol/h, the molar flow rate of combustible gas is 280.37 kmol/h, the molar ratio of hydrogen is 34.34%, the molar ratio of carbon monoxide is 29.76%, methane is 10.22%, and the low-level calorific value of syngas is 11.14 MJ·m⁻³. The “green hydrogen” produced from MSW can be further synthesized into “green ammonia” for use in power plants ammonia blending combustion to achieve carbon reduction and emission reduction.