人工智能类人特征引发的伦理风险与应对路径

Ethical Risks Caused by Humanoid Characteristics of Artificial Intelligence and the Coping Approaches

摘要: 类人特征是人工智能发展程度的重要判断标准。随着算法和芯片等软硬件基础的不断发展，人工智能在运行逻辑、外在形态和行为方式等方面逐渐接近甚至超越人类的状态。人工智能的类人特征在为生产生活带来便利、效率的同时也带来了诸多伦理风险。人工智能类人特征引发的伦理风险主要包括智能生成引发的诚信风险、社交替代造成的社会疏离、智能决策带来的主体冲突等方面。为预防和减轻相应伦理风险及其损害，应着重强化人工智能标识制度与生成物使用规范、完善人工智能时代的社交保障机制、完善决策冲突的处置机制等。

Abstract: Humanoid characteristics are important criteria for judging the development of artificial intelligence. With the continuous development of software and hardware foundations such as algorithms and chips, artificial intelligence is gradually approaching or even surpassing the human state in terms of operation logic, external form and behavior. The human-like characteristics of artificial intelligence bring convenience and efficiency to production and life, but also bring many ethical risks. The ethical risks caused by artificial intelligence humanoid characteristics mainly include the integrity risk caused by intelligent generation, the social alienation caused by social substitution, and the subject conflict caused by intelligent decision-making. In order to prevent and mitigate the corresponding ethical risks and damages, emphasis should be placed on strengthening the artificial intelligence labeling system and the use norms of products, improving the social security mechanism in the era of artificial intelligence, and improving the resolution mechanism of decision conflicts.