深圳市妊娠晚期妇女母乳喂养自我效能现状及影响因素调查

A Survey on the Current Status of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Influencing Factors among Women in Late Pregnancy in Shenzhen

摘要: 目的：了解深圳市妊娠晚期孕妇母乳喂养自我效能水平，并分析其影响因素。方法：选取2023年11月~2024年3月在深圳市某三甲医院产科门诊就诊的妊娠晚期孕妇作为研究对象。使用一般情况调查表、母乳喂养自我效能量表、母乳喂养知识问卷、社会支持评定量表进行问卷调查，利用SPSS26.0软件完成数据录入和分析。结果：发放问卷240份，回收有效问卷227份，有效回收率为94.5%。研究对象母乳喂养自我效能得分为(62.85 ± 22.83)分。孕妇的年龄、医疗支付方式、哺乳相关知识的学习经历、社会支持的客观支持维度与对支持的利用度维度、母乳喂养知识水平是其母乳喂养自我效能的影响因素(R² =0 .323，调整R² = 0.302，^*P < 0.05，^**P < 0.01，F = 17.403)。结论：本研究中孕妇母乳喂养自我效能处于中等水平，有较大的提升空间。相较于年轻孕妇，年纪较大的孕妇展现出更高水平的母乳喂养自信心。有相关哺乳知识学习经历的孕妇哺乳自信心水平较高。本研究中孕妇母乳喂养益处认知较高，但技能知识掌握欠佳，需加强相关培训。

Abstract: Objective: To assess the breastfeeding self-efficacy levels of women in the late stages of pregnancy in Shenzhen and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: Pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy who visited the obstetric clinic of a Grade III hospital in Shenzhen from November 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the study objects. A general situation questionnaire, breastfeeding self-efficacy scale, breastfeeding knowledge questionnaire, and social support rating scale were used to conduct the questionnaire survey, and data entry and analysis were completed using SPSS26.0 software. Results: 240 questionnaires were sent out, and 227 were effectively collected, with an effective recovery rate of 94.5%. The breastfeeding self-efficacy score of the subjects was (62.85 ± 22.83). Pregnant women’s age, medical payment method, the learning experience of lactation related knowledge, objective support dimension of social support and utilization dimension of support, and breastfeeding knowledge level were the influencing factors of breastfeeding self-efficacy (R² = 0.323, adjusted R² = 0.302, ^*P < 0.05, ^** P <0.01, F = 17.403). Conclusion: The breastfeeding self-efficacy of pregnant women in this study is in the middle level, and there is a large room for improvement. Older pregnant women showed higher levels of breastfeeding confidence than younger pregnant women. The pregnant women who have the experience of learning about lactation knowledge have a higher level of lactation self-confidence. In this study, pregnant women had a high cognition of the benefits of breastfeeding, but their skills and knowledge were poor, and relevant training should be strengthened.