黄河下游山东段五个城市氮含量的时空分布特征分析

Characterization of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Nitrogen Content in Five Cities of the Shandong Section of the Lower Yellow River

摘要: 河流是地球生态系统的重要组成部分，目前黄河下游地区因为人类活动频繁以及气候变化等因素，水生态环境状况不容乐观。为探究黄河下游地区水生态环境状况，研究人员于2022年1月~2023年12月分别对泰安、聊城、济南、滨州和东营市五个城市的氮素年度和季节变化进行了研究。研究发现，从时间尺度上来看，氮含量在年度上呈现下降趋势。在季节分布上大致可以把五个城市分为两组，第一组是泰安市和聊城市，其春、冬两季氮含量高于夏秋两季；第二组是济南、滨州和东营市，这三座城市夏季氮含量明显高于其他季节。在空间尺度上，通过对五个城市水体中氮含量的比较分析，发现各城市的氮浓度差异显著。从高到低依次为泰安、济南、滨州、东营和聊城。本文通过对黄河下游五个城市之间氮素含量的时空分布研究，解释了氮含量的变化情况以及来源，为制定合理的水生态环境安全战略思路和对策提供了参考，并为其他地区的水污染治理和保护提供示范。

Abstract: Rivers are an important part of the earth’s ecosystem, and currently the water ecological environment in the lower Yellow River region is not optimistic because of frequent human activities and climate change. In order to explore the status of water ecosystem in the lower Yellow River region, the researchers studied the annual and seasonal changes of nitrogen in five cities, namely, Tai’an, Liaocheng, Jinan, Binzhou, and Dongying, from January 2022 to December 2023, respectively. It was found that on the time scale, the nitrogen content showed a decreasing trend on an annual basis. The five cities could be roughly divided into two groups in terms of seasonal distribution, the first group being Tai’an City and Liaocheng City, whose nitrogen contents were higher in spring and winter than in summer and fall, and the second group being Jinan, Binzhou and Dongying City, whose nitrogen contents were significantly higher in summer than in other seasons. On the spatial scale, the comparative analysis of the nitrogen content in the water bodies of the five cities revealed significant differences in nitrogen concentration among the cities. From high to low, they are Taian, Jinan, Binzhou, Dongying and Liaocheng. By studying the spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen content among five cities in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, this paper explains the changes in nitrogen content as well as its sources, provides a reference for designating reasonable strategic ideas and countermeasures for water ecological and environmental security, and provides a model for water pollution management and protection in other regions.